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IPU'EWAVE 

^^HE original manuscript, of which the following is an exact 
\i^ copy, was written soon after the Revolutionary War, by 
Ichabod Jeremiah Perry. He was a cousin of Commodore Perry 
and was born at Fairfield, Connecticut, in October, 1768, being 
only 17 years old when he first enlisted. 

The following account gives his personal experiences on land 
and on sea, through seven different enlistments, extending over 
the eight years of the war. This manuscript was written for 
Perry's children and thus came into the possession of his grand- 
daughter, Miss Rose Sheldon, of Lima. Miss Sheldon loaned the 
manuscript to Ska-hase-ga-o Chapter, Daughters of the American 
Revolution, of which she was a member, that it might be pub- 
lished. The quaint peculiarities of expression and orthography 
have been retained, as a charm not to be lost. After the war 
Mr. Perry married a Miss Sturge whose father had been killed 
in one of the first battles of the Revolution. 

xjater Perry settled in Richmond, N. Y. where he died and was 
buried, in April, 1839. At his grave the Chapter has recently 
placed a marker. 

MRS. LOUISE B. KEATING, 
Regent of Ska-hase-ga-o Chapter, 

1915. Lima, New York. 



(Note — The following is Perry's Memorandum. His 
real story begins on page 8.) 

ynVEMORANDUM of the services of Ichabod J. Perry in the 

«L ll*/ Revolutionary War of North America with Great Briton" 

''According to the best of my remembrance." 

1st. In the month of November or Dec'm in the year 1775 I 
enlist'd and serv'd for three months on a tour to New York which 
term expir'd about the 1st of March 1776. Col'n Waterburry's 
Rig't. Capt E. Abele Comp. 

2nd. In May 1776 I enlist'd for nine months in Capt Philet B. 
Bradey's Rig't, Capt'n Abel's Company. Our service was per- 
formed prinsiply at Bergen Point in New Jersey. In Oct we 
went up to Fort Lee. About the 12th of Nov'm all we crost the 
north river to Fort Washington and on the 18th of Nov'm we was 
taken prisoners, about 2500 in number the most of which died on 
board the prison ships at New York. Some time in Jan. 1777 the 
few of us that was partly alive was Perrold and sent home but 
some of them died on their passage. I was taken with the small- 
pox after I got home which cost me all my wages. In May fol- 
lowing I aplyed to Gen'l Silermon of Fairfield for to be individ- 
ualy exchang'd as Gen'l Washington had refus'd to give live 
prisoners for dead ones. Accordingly there was a light dragoon 
that was taken at the expedition at Danbury, was sent to New 
York for me. 

3rd. In May 1777 I enlist'd in Col'n Roger Enoss Rig't, Cap't 
Solomon Booths Comp', for eight months. We went up the North 
River to Fishkill and Peekskill from there we went to work the 
road to Danbury and from that to Mamaroneck, and from there 
to Horseneck where we was discharg'd about the firs^ of Jan'y 
1778. 

4th. In the summer of 1778 I went as substitute for a draft'd 
man in the horse servis for two months. We join'd Col'n Meggs 
Rig't at and about White Plains. 

5 



O REMINISCENCES OF THE REVOLUTION 

5th. In Oct or Nov'm 1778 I enlist'd on board the Continental 
Frig't Alliance, Peter Landis commander, for one cruise. We 
saiTd from Boston I believe in Jan 1779 bound for France with 
Gen'l LaFayette and his life-guard on board. We arriv'd at 
France in Feb'y. We then assisted in fitting out an old French 
ship call'd the Goodman Richard, John Paul Jones Cap't. After 
we had got ready we put to sea with some French Ships in com- 
pany on a privet expedition but being desert'd by part of our 
consorts we went a crusing but an unlucky afare happen 'd, by 
the Richard and the Alliance runing afowle in the night which 
damag'd both ships so that we was obliged to go into port to 
repair. After we had repair'd we went on another cruse in com- 
pany with 30 gunships and 14 guns sloops both French. We 
crus'd round Ireland and Scotland. We took several prizes and 
had some small skirmishes. I believe in Sep't we ariv'd on the 
coast of England when we fell in with a 44 and 28 gun ship which 
we engag'd and after a hard fight we took them, with the loss 
of the Richard. We then went into Holland with our prizes. 

Paul Jones and * his crew went on board the Alliance. 

After 2 or 3 months went to Spain and from there we went back 
to France, in the spring of 1780. We there repair'd our ships 
and then set sail for America leaving Jones ashore and bringing 
off Capt'n Landis who had been suspend'd. We arriv'd in Bos- 
ton in Sep't 1780, After we had unload'd and Stript our ships 
fit for repairing I set out for Fairfield with out a cent in my 
pocket. I was gone about 23 months in that cruse and I rec'd 
no wages. 

6th. In Nov'm 1780 I again inlist'd to serve on board the Alli- 
ance for one Cruse. John Barry Esq. Commander. We sail'd 
out from Boston in the Winter 1781, Cruising to France, and after 
staying in France a sufficient time to repair we set out for Amer- 
ica in the Summer. On our passage home we fell in with a 20 
gun ship and an 18 gun brig (^British) which we ingaged, and 
after hard fighting for 4 hours we took them both but we having 
many prisoners on board already, thought it not safe to take these, 
therefore we Disarm 'd the brig and put them on Board and sent 
them to Halifax, keeping some of the prinsiple Officers as Host- 
ages for the return of the brig and as many prisoners (which 
was complyed with). But the Ship was retaken by the English 
and then again by the French. We then came into Boston about 

*Words obliterated by time. 



MEMORANDUM OF SERVICES 7 

Oct. I again went home to see the folks having been gone be- 
tween 11 aud 12 months. 

7th. In May 1782 I went on board again at New London and 
from thence went a Cruse to the South and Learning that the 
Jamaica fleet had Sail'd we follow'd them to the east and we 
took one brig which had got part'd and sent her into Boston and 
also 3 large ships carri'd with us into France. After staying in 
France some time we set sails on a Cruse to the South West, 
in which we obtained nothing. But being Continuosly chased by 
British ships that was superior to us, we ran the gauntlets till 
we ariv'd at Martinique I should say on or near Oct. After 
staying there sometime, five or 6 weeks or two months, we left 
Martinique perhaps in Dec'm bound for Havana but being chast 
by two Men of War we was oblig'd to put into Cape Frances to 
save our bacons. After staying in Cape Frances say one month 
we again set sail for Havana where we arriv'd in Dec'm or Jan. 
We stay'd in Havana till the latter part of Feb'y 1783 when we 
sail'd for America as a convoy to the Lucy Ann, Capt Green 
Commander. She was a 20 gun ship from Philadelphia which 
had on Board a large sum of Money borrowed by Congress for 
America. After having some Dificulty in passing some squad- 
rons of British ships that was placed on our passage to take us, 
and engaging 3 frigates for most a Day in a running fight, and 
for about 20 minutes being side by side with a 36 gun Frigate 
and giving them a good Drubben, by good patience we got off 
with our Consort and saved the money. But the Lucy Ann hav- 
ing thrown her guns overboard in order to make her sail faster, 
Cap't Barry thought it not proper to risque the money on board 
of that ship, accordingly we took the money on board our ship. 
We soon got part'd from the Lucy Ann (in a Blow) and after 
coming near of runing foule of 2 B. men of war near the Capes 

of * we made to the East. Being short, the next morning 

we made Block Island. The same day we enter'd Newport, in 
March 1783. In a few weeks we sail'd up the river near to Prov- 
idence where our wages was paid us for that Cruse out of the 
money that we had sav'd. In May I Rec'd a written Discharge 
from Cap't Barry after celebrating the Glorious return of Peace 
and INDEPENDENCE on board ship. 

^Obliterated. 



1775 

*Here begins my Revolutionary Experience. 

yiVfTj E stay'd about, where each company was rais'd, keeping 
VIVH- Gard and Disarming Toryes, till the British fleet enter- 
ed the harbor of New York. Our Rigt then went to N. York, 
and from there we was order'd acrost the North River (Hudson) 
into Bargin Point where we stay'd till about the first of October, 
in which time we had a prospect of most all that took place on 
Long Island, and Staten Island. 

There was nothing material took place in our stay here, but 
some small Scurmishes between us and some of the British boats, 
that would land to get Sass and frute which was very plenty on 
Buskarke's point and Bargin, for the Inhabitants had all fled. 
We often Disputed titles with them, when they came on shore. 
We would lye in ambush, and Drive them off with their guns 
from their shiping. There was one little curcumstance which 
took place which I will mention ; I and one of my Comrads went 
to Bargin Point to get some plums. An armed schooner lay 
about 60 rods off and there was a ridg of ground a few rods back, 
that secur'd us. I crawl'd Down to one of the plum trees and 
rose up to pick off the plums from the lower limb, when they 
gave me a shot from a 4 pounder which went a little one side, I 
then arose and went to picking again (for I fell at the smoke of 
the gun) when they gave me another shot, which cut off the top 
of the tree, full of plums just as large as I could carry. I pick't 
it up and ran over the bank where I was out of danger. I then 
stopt and returned them my thanks for their kindness which made 
a great laugh on Board. 

*See Mem. No. i. 



REMINISCENCES OF THE REVOLUTION 



1776 

*fl^N this year, on the fourth of July Our Congress Declared us 
II Independent, but our circumstances did not look much like it ; 
our Commander in Chief had collected all the force he could, 
about N. York to defend it. There not being proper arangements 
made the soldiers sometimes fared pretty hard for provisions. 
Sometimes we had Bread, and sometimes we had none, some- 
times we had poor beef, and sometimes we had none, and no 
salt to season it, and sometimes we had neither and no kittle to 
cook it in. The cattle that was Drove in was generally poor, 
and Drove a considerable Distance in hot weather, and knoc't 
right down for immediate use, and often eaten without salt, which 
caus'd disease in our Army and many a poor fellow left his bones 
about there, with not much meat on them. The strength and 
Ambition of the Soldiers for sometime apeared to be most all 
gone, and our armies fled before the Enemy, in every direction. 
This was the prospect of INDEPENDANCE. 

After the enemy had got possession of N. York and the Fort at 
Cowler's Hook, our Rigt was very much expos'd for we was al- 
most surround'd by water and by the enemy, but they pai'd but 
little attention to us for they was pushing their victory into the 
country on the East side of the North River. We stay'd about 
Bargintown till about the first of October, garding ourselves, and 
threshing out the Dutchman's wheat to secure it from the enemy. 
We then went up to a place call'd the English Neighborhood near 
to Fort Lee. We there went to work to build us huts in a peice 
of woods, near FORT LEE for winter quarters; when we had our 
huts about complet'd and was looking for better times, our Rigt 
was order'd across the River to Fort Washington (about the tenth 
of Nov'm). We was station 'd at a breast work that extend'd 
across York Island about one mile south of the Fort. 

We then went to work in building a small redout a little south 
of Kings Bridge near Harlem creek under the command of Col'n 
Webber an old countryman who was an old Indianear. About 
this time the Commander of our Fort rec'd an order from Gen'l 
Howe to surrender the Fort, and that in case of refusal they 
would attack the Fort on the 16th at break of day and in case of 
resistance he would put every man to death. I was informed 



A PATRIOTIC DOG II 

that Gen'l Washington's advice was to quit the Fort and bring 
off the troops but Coin McCoye who was the Commander, was 
so solicitous and had so much confidence that we could hold the 
Fort that Gen'l Washington concent'd to let him try but it was 
said the next day he beheld the consequence with tears in his eyes. 

* Agreeable to notice on the 16th of Nov'm at break of day 
the enemy made their appearance viz 5,000 from Kingsbridge who 
drove in awe the outposts in that quarter— 5000 more crost Har- 
lem creek between the Fort and the breastwork where we was 
station'd. Their party met with great opposition. While cross- 
ing the creek in boats and landing and forming, the Americans 
kept up a brisk fire upon them the whole time, to great advan- 
tage, until they were fairly driven from their ground; there was 
another 5000 that came up from York against the battery where 
we was station'd but they did not come within musket shot but 
kept up a brisk fire of howitz fieldpieces and Cannon. 

There was one little circumstance which took place which I 
believe no historian has before mention'd that is, when the Brit- 
ish was throwing shells from their howitzs and dropping them 
just over our breastwork, we had a small dog that would watch 
them and whenever he saw one strike the ground, he would run 
and catch the fuse in his mouth, and hold it with his feet on the 
shell, till he puH'd it out and so stop't it from exploding. He 
had the good luck to serve several that way which made some 
amusement to the spectators, but at length he fail'd. While 
he was in the act of trying to get out the fuse, the shell explod'd 
and the poor dog went to atoms. It is possible that the little 
dog by his exsertion saved some human lives but lost his own. 

(But to return). We kept our station waiting for the enemy 
to come within reach of our long guns but they kept their dis- 
tance waiting the result of the middle division that had cros't 
Harlem creek. They was extending themselves acrost the Is- 
land to the North River in order to cut off our retreat to the Fort. 
When we discover'd this we had orders to retreat to the Fort 
but our order did not come in time, for the enemy had got to the 
top of the hill that went down to the river, and it was very diffi- 
cult for us to get past them, for they were continually making 
down the hill and kept up a brisk fire till they got within 12 
feet of the river. When I passt them (we had to go in single 
file) there was a Hessian that had got within eight feet of us 
who fired off his gun, the contents of which went through the 

*See Memorandum No. 2. 



12 REMINISCENCES OF THE REVOLUTION 

leg of Leu't Meade, which was next to me. I discovered the 
Hessian behind a cedar bush. I immediately drop't my gun with 
the muzzle to the bush and fired. I saw him pitch forward, but 
did not stop to pick him up. There was few that got past after 
me. There was two or three hundred that was cut off and taken 
prisoners there ; many of the soldiers threw away their packs in 
their retreat, and they suffer'd for the want of them afterwards. 

After we had got past this division we was order'd to stop 
and form for action, but we being in such a confus'd situation, 
it was difficult for us to form, and before we could get in proper 
position for battle, the enemy advanc'd in solid column upon us. 
But as poorly as we were form'd, we stood our ground till they 
had got within five rod of us, and we made use of our long guns 
pretty supple. We then retreated for the Fort. There was a 
little descent from where we start'd till we came to a small run 
of water, where I shall leave all hands running up the assent of 
the hill to the Fort while I was refreshing my self at the brook. 

I had pick'd up a small Demijohn just before I got to the 
brook, which I fill' d with water, and after drinking what I want'd, 
I rais'd the bank which was pretty high on both sides, when I 
discover'd the enemy on the opposite bank within ten rods of 
me. They call'd to me to stop, but I thought it was no place 
for me to stop. They then began to fire at me, I could see the 
dust rise all round me, where the balls hit the ground, and sev- 
eral went through my clothes, and two hit the stock of my gun 
which about split it, there was one which took off most of the 
skin of one arm, but the grass did not grow under my feet. I 
got safe into the Fort with my botol of water where there was 
many begging for a sip at it, but I refus'd giving any of it, 
telling them, that I had been in jeoporda of my life to procure 
it. 

At this time there was a heavy fire from the Fort, for the three 
divisions of the enemy had got together near the Fort, and there 
was two Frigaters, which came up within gun shot, so that Fort 
Lee had begun to play on them and the British had brought sev- 
eral pieces of cannon with them that was firing at our Fort and 
batteries, all which made a pretty good rattling, for some time. 
As I did not go up to the Fort with the rest of my companions, 
I entered it thru one of the apertures. At last I found two men 
that belong'd to our Reg't and we was informed that our Reg't 
was out of the Fort at a breast work a few rods Distant, and we 
went out at the gate in single file. There came a ball, and took 



THE BEGINNING OF SORROW I3 

off both their heads, the contents of which besmeared my face 
pretty well, but my head being a little one side, it was saved, 
and I went to our Reg't where I found them at the breastwork 
in preparation for Defense. 

The enemy was making nearer the fort, but did not come with 
in musket shot ; at this time there was a white flag apeared from 
the enemy. There was a cessation of firing immediately, on both 
sides, and our Commander went out to meet the flag. After 
about half an hour he return 'd, and the word was past amongst 
us that the fort was to be given up, and the Troops march off 
with Honors of War. We kept our places for sometime, and 
Gen'l Howe and several other officers came in to see us. Mene- 
time, we open'd a Hogshed of Rum and we all took a Drink, 
and I filled my Demijohn, which was a little Comfort to some 
of us, for that night about 3 O'clock we was march't out from 
the fort, with our Arms, towards the N. River. 

We soposed that there would be Boats sent for to carry us 
acrost the river, but we had not gone far before we was order'd 
to halt, and ground Arms, and immediately there was a host of 
British around us. We was all grately surpris'd at this unexpect- 
ed event, but we could not help ourselves. After being serch't, 
and all war implements taken from us, especially our Jack knifes, 
we was march't for N. York, garded very strongly on both sides. 

We ariv'd at Harlem a little after dark, where we was put 
into open sheds and barns. It was pretty cold, and many had lost 
their blankets. We staid there two nights and one day, without 
Victuals or Drink, but we had the satisfaction of seeing about 50 
waggon loads of the enemies' wounded, pass by that day. The 
next morning we started for New York. 

On our way we halt'd. I was near opposite to a pump of water, 
when the guard went to drink, but we was not allowed to brake 
our ranks to get any. I persuad'd one of the British solders to 
take my Demijohn and fill it, but one of the Hessians, who was 
at the pump, found out who it belong'd to, struck it with the 
breach of his gun, and broke it. 

The Card on our way got throwing raw potatoes at each other, 
there was one small one, that fell near me, which I took up, and 
ate (for hunger and thirst began to creep on). We was hoping 
for better times, but this was only the beginning of Sorrow. 

We march't near the City toaplace call'd Gallows hill, where 
there was two Gallows erect'd. We was there wheal'd around 
and caus'd to march throu, under the gallows where we was 



14 REMINISCENCES OF THE REVOLUTION 

visit'd with a great Concorse of people from the City, consisting 
of solders, Toreys, and old Strumpets, who gave us a hearty wel- 
come, and load'd us with such appellations, which is not fit to 
mention. 

We was then taken into the City where we was divisioned to 
our Respective Apartments. Our Redg't was put in a large stone 
church at Wall Street (Trinity). 

The next day we had a gill of raw pears to a man, without 
fire, water or kettle to cook them in. The next day we Rec'd a 
little poor provisions, but not sufficient to suport nature. After 
about ten or twelve days they began to Die, the most hearty and 
robust fellows went first, as they requir'd the more substance. 
While we was here I had found the stub of an old case knife, 
with which I us'd to whittle the pine and chaw it and swallow 
the juise. We stayed in this church about two weeks, when we 
was taken on board a Prison ship. We was very glad of the 
exchange, but it was for the worse. 

There was a little circumstance which occur'd a little before 
we left the Church, which was laughable, tho' part of it was 
serious. There was three men that was dead, and they was 
put in the Steeple part. In the evening there was three rough 
Coffins brought in to convey them off in, but the Corpses was not 
put in to them that night, and an oldish man thought he might 
rest more comfortable in one of those boxes than on the Ground. 
He wrapt himself with his blanket round him and lay down, and 
spread his Great Coat over the top. There was a fellow by the 
name of Butler as he pass't through the Steeple saw it, and sopos- 
ing that the Dead men was put into the Coffins, and that the Coat 
belong 'd to one of them, and as he had lost his blanket, he thought 
that he might as well have it as any one else. When the people 
had got very still, he went very Delibberately into the Steeple, 
for to get the Great Coat, but when he went to take it, the old 
man partly rose up, and with a grusome voice said," Don't take 
that Coat for it belongs to me. ' ' The poor fellow immediately fell 
to the floor, and it was some time before he could recover him- 
self so as to get out. I have often heard Butler tell the story 
since. 

We was then stowed away between the lower Decks. As I 
was amongst the last that went in, I heard the prisoners sing out 
from below "for God's sake don't crowd any more for we are 
thick as we can stow." The gard would place their arms across 
the hatchway with their feet at the prisoners back, and crowd 



SUFFOCATION AND STARVATION I5 

them Down while others would punch them down with the breches 
of their guns. After they had got us all in, they shut down 
close hatches over us, and left us to shift for ourselves. We 
was close as we could stow, and stand up. 

The prison ships then got under way, and sail'd in to a Cove 
(Wallabout Bay) near Brooklyn where they was moored for Winter 
Quarters, that afternoon and night. (For we could tell no odds. 
We was in outter darkness.) We stood on our feet as long as 
we could, then like a heavy piece of wheat in a wet time, we 
sallied away one top of another, and that was the best fellow 
that kept atop. 

About nine o-clock the next morning the Hatches were open 'd. 
It was surprising what force the light came in, and to see the 
Drops of water over us, shining like Crystal, which was occasion- 
ed by our breaths — but it was more surprising after overhauling, 
to see the Dead bodies, for nearly one third was suffocat'd, and 
the rest but little better. It took us the bigger part of the Day 
to pull out the dead, and the boatmen to carry them ashore and 
bury them. We was then a little thin'd out, but not much re- 
liev'd for we had nothing to eat in four days after we went on 
board. 

I then saw the time that I could eat my own flesh without 
wincing. People may say this is a tough story, for they cannot 
think that any Christian Nation would use their prisoners in such 
a sorte, but let it hit where it will, (it was so) and I often sat 
bewailing our sad Condition, and thinking if it should so be, that 
I shuld live to get home again, and my friends shuld ask me, 
how we fared, that it would be beyond all expression. That part 
of the troops which came from the New England States was com- 
pos'd generally of farmer's sons, where in their fathers' houses 
there was Bread enough and to spare, but we was perishing with 
hunger. Our allowance while on board was as follows : half a 
pint of what they called burgout which was made of soldier's 
oat-meal, very thin ; four ounces of broken pieces of bisquit that 
was very mouldy, and not fit for hogs to eat; or sometimes 
bran cakes that had been made for their horses, while on these 
pasages (which had got to the soldiers) ; and four onces of pork, 
three days in a week. We often fell short of our allowance, 
some days nothing at all. 

The Hatches was open from nine in the morning till four in 
the afternoon, in which time we had liberty (a few at a time) 
to go on Deck. The rest of the time we was confin'd below. 



10 REMINISCENCES OF THE REVOLUTION 

To add to our misery we soon got the smallpox among us, 
which was some alarming, as but few of the prisoners had ever 
had it, and it was said it was put amongst us on purpose, but that 
was unknown. All that was taken with it soon died, for we had 
no physician, but there was not as many that took it as might be 
expected, for there was so much other Contagion among us, which 
overpowered it. I put the vituals into a fellow's mouth (which 
was the last he ever ate) who was blind with the smallpox but 
I did not take it then ; our situation had got so hopeless that 
Death had almost lost its sting. 

After we had got thin'd so as to be comfortable as to room, they 
would Die very strangly (which made many think that we were 
pisond). There would be blackness collect on their teeth, and 
a blackness stick on their lips, when the Diseased would not know 
but they was well as common ; and they would suddenly fall down 
Dead, when standing or walking, and it got to be a general inquiry 
(when we got to the light) whether their teeth was black, and 
those that was, it did not seem in the least to alarm them. But 
I think it was owing to suffication and breathing the putrid air, 
that had been breathed a 1000 times over. 



GENL. WASHINGTON SENDS US BISQUIT 



1777 

ME had very humbly Petition'd the Commander in N. York, 
stating our situation, and begging for relief, but to no 
purpose. At length there was a lady from the city (who had 
heard how we fared) came on board to see us. She told us to 
write another petition, and she would carry it to the General her- 
self, and would not return without an answer; but all the answer 
that she culd get, was, that he had returns every morning and 
knew our situation, and did not wish to be troubl'd with any 
more of our petitions. 

In this situation we had no means for clenzing ourselves, our 
outside Clothes was glas'd over with besmear and our under 
Clothes was not much better, and not an hair was cut from our 
faces while we was there, but as Nasty and forsaken as we was, 
we had ten thousand all round us that would stick Closer than 
a brother. About this time our Officers got permission to send 
into the country a veteran, who is still living, and our friends 
sent us a little hard money which we was permitt'd to receive, 
and also a bisquit pr man, that was sent to us from Gen'l Wash- 
ington. But the money was of no use to us while on board, as 
we cul'd get nothing, for it. 

In a few days there came an Officer on board with a parole 
artical, which we all readily Synd, but there was very few left, 
and what was left, was a miserable few. 

We was land'd at N. York, I should say about the first of Feb- 
uary, in 1777. We was taken in to the old Sugar-House (on 
Liberty St.) which was empty of prisoners, (but not of filth). 
It was here that I and a Number of others, took the Small-pox 
as we suppos'd. After two nights stay here we was marcht off , 
some in wagons, and what was able went on foot, and we put 
the best foot forward. 

That night we got to Kingsbridge and passing by Fort Wash- 
ington, put me in mind of the Contrast, for about eleven weeks 
before, we marcht Down the same road, about 2500 in number, 
all well and Robust, but now we was returning, about 75 poor 
lousy fellows, hardly able to Draw one foot after the other. We 
was put into a poor empty house that night, without any wood, 
and we was not able to go and pick up any and it was cold. 

The next morning it was cold and there was but very few of 



l8 REMINISCENCES OF THE REVOLUTION 

US that was able to walk, so they had to get more wagons to 
carry us. Ariv'd at Rye towards night, where was the out post 
of the American Gards, who receiv'd us, our Tory Gard return 'd. 
Then we felt a little joyful, but we culd not sleep for joy. As 
we was almost exorst'd, we was that night put into an empty 
house, and we had wood and vituals brought to us. The Inhab- 
itants had heard that we was infected with the small-pox and 
they were afraid to let us come into their houses, and the little 
children when they saw any of us, would run as if a bear was 
after them. 

The next morning we scattered in every Direction. We had 
provisions ofer'd us, but there was but few of us that stood in 
need of such provisions as culd be drawn. Myself and Eliph't 
Sherwood agreed to keep company, as we both belong to the same 
place, and was both about on a par as to strength and ability. 
We two travel 'd (or crawl 'd) that day as far as Horseneck, where 
we was trying to get a shelter for that night. We had stop't 
at Hobby Tavern at Horseneck ; Mr. Hobby use'd us as well as 
he cul'd consistently; he set us a cuple of old Cheers in his 
stoop, and gave us every thing we want'd, but culd not keep us 
all night. 

While resting there in Hobby's stoop as it began to be Dusk, 
there came a mulatto fellow, that belong'd to the same place 
that we did, who knew us. But we (being so stupid) did not 
know him. He told us who he was, and inquir'd if we want'd 
anything that he culd get for us, with tears running Down his 
Cheeks. He then went off, not telling us where he was going, 
but he arriv'd at my father's about one o-clock in the morning 
and inform 'd him where we was and the situation we was in, 
and then went to one of Sherwood's Uncles and inform'd him. 
The Distance that he went that night was about thirty miles (on 
foot). I shall never forget his kindness. 

We finaly got lodging in a back wash house where they had 
been washing that Day, and the floor was wet, and but little fire. 
We lay down on the wet floor, being fatigu'd and slept, but in 
the morning we was very slim, but we set out without any re- 
freshment. 

We had travel'd about a mile when we came to a hill which 
we had to rise, but our strength fail'd us, and we culd not raise 
our feet high enough to gane any. After trying some time, we 
gave it up. Crawling up to the fence, we lay down, thinking 
there to quit our clay, but after laying there awhile and geting 



OUR RESCUE FROM DEATH S DOOR IQ 

a little rest'd, I rose up and said to Sherwood that if we lay 
there and Died the hogs might come and eat us up, and there 
was a house just over the hill, and we had better try to get to 
that house and if we culd do no better we would die there. We 
again try'd to climb the hill, on our hands and knees, and I 
looking up to observe the distance, saw a large Dog stand on 
the brink of the hill. I paid no attention to the Dog at first, 
and after Creeping a little further I look'd up again, where the 
Dog still stood, when I recogniz'd him to be my father's Dog 
(for my father had start'd on horse back, as soon as he had 
notice). 

In a few minutes my father came up to us, on our hands and 
knees Crawling. He culd not speak to us, but he took us up 
and plac'd us on the horse, and steadi'd us by our legs, till we 
came to a house, where they gave us some warm milk pottage, 
which greatly reviv'd us. We then set out again in the same 
position till we met Sherwood's Uncle who was in serch for him. 
We then took some more refreshment. We then set out again, 
I behind my father, and Sherwood behind his Uncle. We often 
took a little light refreshment, and road slow. We was two 
days getting home, where they strip'd me and wash't me and 
put on clean clothes. 

Then I thought I was beginning to Recrute. But after I 
had been home about a week, I was taken more unwell than com- 
mon. They sent for a Doctor who said that I was breaking out 
with small-pox which made Considerable alarm in the house, for 
none of the family had ever had it; they then sent for a tender 
Nurse who took me up (bed and all) and put me into an ox sled 
and Drove me off to a house where there was another of our 
Company who had just broken out. As we past some of our 
naibors, I culd hear the young people weeping and crying for 
they thought that would be the last of me. 

I was pretty sick and part of the time Derang'd. I had few 
pox that came out. The Doctor said that they would been bet- 
ter out than in, but I liv'd thro' it. I was thirty one Days in 
the pest house. My nurse charg'd me a Dollar pr Day, and my 
expenses for boarding, wood, house rent, and Doctor's bill, took 
all my wages for that Campaign, and more too; I was ten or 
fifteen Dollars in Debt— my father and step mother, at that time 
was both taken sick of a feaver, and but just made a live of it, 
so that they was not able to assist me. When I got home again 
the family was still afraid of me, and I had to stay in a room 



20 REMINISCENCES OF THE REVOLUTION 

by myself, and I was Completely raw from head to foot, on ac- 
count of the itch and other irritating circumstances; it was with 
some Difficulty that I got rid of it, but after a while my skin 
began to come on me again, and I began to recruit, and walk 
about among the naibors. 

I had not much then to trouble me, only thinking about that 
Parole article that I had syn'd, for I want'd my hand loos'd so 
that I cul'd be at them again. I was inform'd that the British 
Demand 'd as many prisoners as was parol'd, but Gen'l Wash- 
refus'd on account that about half of them died on their way be- 
fore they got home, and he would not give live prisoners for 
dead ones, but some of them was very Content'd because it clear'd 
them from military duty. 

That Spring, when the British made toward our shore with a 
Squadron of shiping, it made grate alarm. I had two sisters 
that liv'd near the water side, who came to my fathers with 
their children, and the best of their furniture, thinking they 
would there be out of the way, (which was about 4 miles back), 
but they came right in the way. 

The British land'd at a place call'd Compo five or six miles 
west of Fairfield. They stood off and on, till after Dark, so 
that we cul'd not tell where they was going. After dark they 
came to Anchor, and land'd their troops without any opposition 
and immediately Comenst their march back into the country. 

The women and children was fleeing before them and some old 
men, not knowing where to go (all the military men had been 
caird to Fairfield where they expected the British would land), 
but by information I got from the people that was fleeing, I was 
Confident that they was coming that way. 

There was a number of familys that had come to our house to 
to put themselves under my protection, and to get my advice, as 
I was then Consider'd as an old soldier. I had about sixty 
women and children under my command. Many of them was 
for fleeing, but I order'd them to stay where they was, till fur- 
ther orders. I went towards where I sopos'd the enemy was 
coming, about 3-4 of a mile, where by the sound I knew that 
they was not far off. I then went back to my Company, and 
order'd them all off, about eighty rod from the road, where I told 
them to set down and be still for one hour, and then they might 
return with safty. They obay'd my order, and felt no harm. 

I then run acrost lots to Greenfield hill (where was a consider- 
able village) to give them the alarm. I found them all still in 



DOCTOR HOLERBERT GETS A SCARE 21 

bed, for they had heard nothing of the enemys landing. I supos'd 
that they was taking a Circuitous rout in order to come on the 
back of Greenfield Village, and then march down to old Fair- 
field to take that place and get the plunder, and to Destroy them. 
I therefore gave the alarm pretty loud through the village, tell- 
ing them that the British was just upon them, that they had 
past our house when I left home. This was just at the break of 
day. It was funny to see what a tumult they was in, the 
women runing half Brest in every Direction and their children 
after them. 

There was a Doc't Holerbert liv'd there who Doubted whether 
I was correct, and he had a small stud horse which he mount'd, 
and rode off full speed to see if they were coming or not and he 
met them at the corner, where they would take the north, or 
south road. It being dark yet, and the make of the ground was 
such that the Doctor did not Discover them till he got within 
five rods of them, when he turn'd about and depend'd on the 
legs of his horse. They fired a few shots at him, and two of their 
horsemen gave him chase which folow'd him almost into the 
village. The Doctor's horse was rather the swiftest, so he got 
clear. He was not gone many minutes, but he experienst more 
like war than ever he did before, or afterwards. He was almost 
scar'd to Death ; he had lost his hat and his hair stood in every 
Direction, which a little pleas'd me, because he Disputed my 
Testimony. His returning in such a fright alarm 'd the people 
more yet, for he told them the enemy was in half a mile of them 
coming full speed rite upon them. 

As it began to be a little light I went to a place where I cul'd 
have a prospect, and I saw that they had gone North which was 
the first intimation that they was going to Danbury. I then 
went and inform 'd the people that had not got out of hearing 
that they had gone North, where I shall leave them going to 
Danbury, and there burning the town and all the provisions and 
military stores that was there, and then returning by the way, of 
Ritchfield, where they had a little skirmish, and then returning 
on board their shiping. Out of curiosity I went to see them 
pass the next day, as they went on board, and I was greav'd be- 
cause the militia did not all get together, and give them battle. 
I thought there was enough to eat them up, but they was scater'd 
in every Direction without form or Comliness. Now and then a 
few fellows CrawTd up and give them a few shot in the rear 



22 REMINISCENCES OF THE REVOLUTION 

(but to little effect). I then thought, that I would never belong 
to the militia as long as the war last'd (and I did not). 

A short time after this I saw Gen'l Sillemon and Col'n Abels 
(who had been my Captan) in Company and I ask't them if 
there was no way that I cul'd git exchang'd for I want'd my 
liberty etc, — and they told me that there was a British light 
horse man then in Fairfield Jail, and that there was a Cartel 
going to N. York, in a few Days, and he shuld be sent in exchange 
for me. I then went to the jail where he was confined to see 
whether he was such a man as I would be willing to be exchang'd 
for, and I found him to be a smart Deacent fellow. I told him 
of the exchange that was to take place, and he was well pleas'd, 
I then caird in a glass of Spirits and we Drank together and 
enter'd into a Combination to befrien'd each other in case it should 
be in our power to assist each other. We then shook hands, and 
part'd. In a few days the Cartel set sail with their prisoners 
on board. 

I had request'd a Certificate of my exchange, but when the 
Cartel return'd, I apply 'd for my Certificate, when the oficer 
told me that the British Oficer told him there was no need of 
giving any, for they had made a Record of it. Gen'l Sillemon 
told me that I was lawfuly exchang'd and I might go into the 
servis of my country with safety. 

I was then requested by one of my Brothers in law (who was 
a Cap't) to accompany him to Richfield to escort about thirty 
prisoners that had bin wounded and left there in the skirmish. 
When we was on the road returning, and seeing the anxiety they 
had to be exchang'd but not entirely recover'd of their wounds 
and some of them hardly able to walk, I quit my horse and plac'd 
two on him and went on foot myself, (and shift'd occasionly). 
I mention this to set off some of my good Deeds, against my bad 
ones considering how lately I had been used so roughly by them. 

*I then took a fellows place that had inlisted in Cap't Solomon 
Booth's Company, Col'n Roger Enos's Reg't, for nine months. 
About two months had expir'd when I took his place. He gave 
me something that enabled me to pay off my small-pox bill. 

Our Reg't was order'd to march up the North River when the 
British was ascending the River to meet Burgoyne. We was on 
the opposit side of the river as gard. One Day as we lay at a 
place call'd the Continental village, I was selected as one of a 
scouting party to go on a mountain Call'd St. Antony's Nose to 
* See Memorandum No. 3. 



I LOSE MY PACK 2^ 

observe the enemy on the oposit side and I had left my pack con- 
taining all my clothes with my Capt'n who said that he would 
see that it was taken care of (for we was ordered off suddenly). 

We perform 'd our tour; but on account of the Darkness of the 
night, and the badness of the going, we did not git back till about 
midnight (almost tyred to Death) when we found the place de- 
sert'd, and there was no inhabitants there that cul'd give us 
any information. There was some shiping that lay oposite to 
Peekskill landing and we sopos'd that they had land'd and Drove 
our people off, and we knew not but we was going to run foule 
of them, but we steer'd off to the east. 

In the morning we found our Reg't near Crompond, and inquir- 
ing of my Cap't for my pack, he said he had given it to a fel- 
low on horseback, but he did not know who he was, (for they 
was in a great fright). I went back that day where they started 
from in serch of my pack, and sercht the roads, fore and aft, but 
to no purpose, and I never saw it again. It contain 'd my Blanket, 
an almost new great Coat and all my other clothing that was 
nesessary for that Campaign and they were all new, which cost 
me many hard days work to git them. This was a great loss to 
me, as I cul'd not go home to my father's house and have them 
replast. 

I stay'd in that situation till my shirt was fairly worn off, 
when my Con'l told me to go and hook one, and I went one night 
till I found one hanging out to dry. I took it, and was about 
starting off with it when I began to think that it might belong 
to some poor fellow that want'd it as much as myself, so I left 
it (for I want'd a parole to go home). 

Meantime I was appoint'd to do steward duty. Our Reg't 
was order'd to repair the roads from Crompond to Danbury, for 
they were very bad, on account of a heavy rain, which had fell, 
so that it was very Diticult to git any provisions transport'd. 
One morning our Company start 'd very early to mend a peace 
of road a little a head when our Cap't call'd on me to know if 
there was provisions enugh for the Companys breakfast. I told 
him, there was bread suficient, but we had only about ten or twelve 
pound of pork for about sixty men. He then told me that I must 
make some addition to it of something, for we was in a nest of 
Toryes. 

I then cut up a few bullets into slugs, and loaded my old king's 
arm and set off on a scout, with an empty knapsack on my back. 
1 had not gone far before I discover'd a fine bunch of fowles 



24 REMINISCENCES OF THE REVOLUTION 

siting on a rail fence near the road a picking themselves. I 
stop't and looked around when I saw two long crotch't fellows 
standing at a door, about fifteen rods off. I first thought that 
it would not answer to fire, but the chance was so good I con- 
clud'd to fire if I did not get any of them, I saw a peace of wood 
about 30 rods ahead where I thought I might get away from 
them, or help myself. I then let strip. The hens fell on both 
sides of the fence with great squaking. I then jumpt over on 
one side and pik't up three and got them into my sack just be- 
fore these fellows got upon me. I then made for the woods with 
all speed, and they after me, but I rather out ran. After I had 
got a peace in the wood and the underbrush was pritty thick, I 
start'd off one side and secret'd myself under a log. They went 
past me full split when one said to the other, '*Do you see him," 
and he answer'd, *'No but he is not far off." As soon as they 
had got a little past, I took it back again, and left them in per- 
sute, and coming to the opposite side of the fence, I found four 
more with the old Rooster, almost as large as a turkey. I then 
filled my sack and made back to our quarters, where there 
was cooks prepair'd ; the fowls was soon drest, and made into a 
steugh, with our pork slist up, and turn'd on to slices of bread, 
so that when the Company return 'd for breakfast there was 
suficient for them all. Our Officers also took breakfast with us, 
and I was much extol 'd for my stewardship, and I had to suply 
our Company with meat the same way for several days. 

At length one day meeting my Col'n I onbuttoned my Jacket 
(my belly then being naked) he stop't and wrote me a perole for 
eight days and told me to go home and git me some clothes since 
I would not hook them. I doubl'd my phirlow, and got myself 
cloth'd again, and then join'd the Reg't at Mamaroneck, where 
we stay'd a while as a stat'd gard. We then mov'd to Horse- 
neck where we stay'd till the first of Jan'y, when the time of 
our enlistment expir'd, when we was discharg'd. 

Thus far I have given a small statement of my affairs in the 
Campaign of 1777 while our Reg't was up North River. The 
British had penetrat'd up as far as West Point, in order to meet 
Gen'l Burgoyne who was then at Saratoga with a large army, 
and their Calculations was to form a Junction at Albany. 

This event greatly encourg'd that party who was not friendly 
to our cause, and I perceav'd that some of the old women (and 
some girls) was pretty liberal, for they offered to lend their 
assistance in secreting some of us for ten days. In which time 



PROTECTION OFFERED 2$ 

(they said) the war would be end'd and the Rebels would be 
Conker'd, alleging that it would be a pity for likely young men 
to undo themselves, when they had a place of protection offer'd 
them, for they had protection given them to secure all that was 
in their houses. I have been solicit'd in this way myself, but 
before the ten days had expir'd, the case was alter'd. Burgoyne 
and all his army was taken prisoners, which was a dead set to all 
the Toryes about there, (and I shall mention hereafter what I 
heard from eye witness: the effect of this news in old England). 



REMINISCENCES OF THE REVOLUTION 



1778 

^1 FTER I had got home from this Campaign I was out of health 
Jm\ the remainder of the winter and Spring. I Doctor'd some, 
but the Doctors said that they cul'd not do me much good, oc 
casion'd by the effects of the prison-ships. I stay'd at home part 
of the time, and part of the time was keeping gard at the water 
side.* 

During the spring of 1778, in the forepart of the summer I 
took a Draft'd man's place in the horse service, for a few weeks, 
to gard Genr'l Sillemon, while he was visiting his stations in 
that quarter, but there was nothing material in that tour. I 
think it proper to mention how highly I was accus'd of violating 
my parole in taking up arms against his Majesty, and not being 
lawfuly exchang'd. I was often told of it to my face by the 
Tory women, and what would be the Consequence if I should be 
taken, which surpris'd some of my friends, but I felt safe enough. 
What I most want'd was better health so that I coul'd stand the 
Racket. 

In June or July one of my step brothers (Smith) was Draft'd 
for three months in the horse service. He hir'd me to take his 
place and I engag'd to serve the tour, and my name was set Down 
in lue of his. I join'd the Company and we had our horses and 
accorterments apris'd. Mine was apris'd in my name, and we 
went to White Plains where we joyn'd Col'n Meggs Reg't of 
horses. Our business was prinsaply scouting between the lines, 
we would some times fall in with the British scouting parties, 
and sometimes we would chase them, and sometimes they would 
chase us. 

One time during this tour on an expedition to Westchester 
about 150 Infantry and 100 horse under the Command of Gen'l 
Sullivan, there was several scouting parties sent out, and we had 
some pretty smart scurmishes. The object of this expedition 
was to keep the enemy in toe, till another party Crost onto Long 
Island, to take or destroy some military stores that was there, 
which was execut'd. 

We was out on this expedition 3 or 4 days, without much rest. 
We was not allow'd to hitch our horses at all but hold the reins 
in our hands and let the horses feed. The grass was large enough 

*See Memorandum No. 4. 



A PATHETIC STORY 27 

to mow anywhere in the road. One night after eating some 
victuals I fell asleep before I had secur'd the residue, and when 
I wake't up, my horse had eaten all my bread. On our return 
the horse was scatter'd in every Direction in search of cattle, to 
keep them from the enemy, and we collect'd a large drove. We 
caus'd many wet eyes that Day by Driving off the cows from 
the old women and children (but there was not a man to be seen) 
but some of the cows was given up to those whose husbands had 
not join'd the enemy. 

I was sent alone one time to a house that stood on a cross 
road about half a mile distant. When I came to the house, the 
old woman and a very fine looking Daughter came to the door. 
I inquir'd if they had any Cattle. They said, No; (I saw that 
they was a little timadated) I told them that I must search. I 
then went to the barn one side of which was chok'd with mulch, 
so that I culd not see in. I went round a little further where 
I cul'd see two cows. After they found that I had discover'd 
them they came to me, with great lamentation, telling me that 
her husband was kill'd or taken prisoner by the British, and that 
he was always a good liberty man, and that they had no where 
to go for relief, and that they had a number of small children 
that depend'd on those Cows for their chief soport. The girl 
in the mean time hanging to my arm (sobing) I did not know 
what to do. At length I took my hankerchief and wipt the girls 
face and gave her a kiss, telling them that when we saw better 
times that I might call and see them again (as I did not live far 
distant). They promist me a great deal of affection, and I left 
them with their cows, and I've not seen them since. 

As I have wrote something about my good luck in getting pro- 
visions when we was out, I will mention another little affair that 
took place. There was a Captain's gard order'd to Mamaronack 
to keep gard and parole for one week. We was part Continent- 
als and part Militia. We carri'd some bread with us, but we had 
but little meat, the Commissary had promist to send us more but 
it fail'd. One day the Cap't sent me one way, and one of the 
regulars another with directions to get a fat sheep, (if we cul'd 
find one). The inhabitants had mostly mov'd off, and them 
that staid and had any cattle would keep them very Close. 

I rode off two or three miles, when I saw a fine flock of sheep 
near the road, and not far from the house. I stop't, and view'd 
them, and saw that there was some good wethers among them, 
but I thought it would be imposible for me to git off with one, 



28 REMINISCENCES OF THE REVOLUTION 

if I should kill it, for there was three or four men standing at 
the house and I did not know but they might have guns, and I 
thought that I would run no risque, but try another plan. I 
then rode up to the house and inquired if the man of the house 
was at home, when an old Dutchman came to the door. I ask't 
him if he own'd them sheep. He said he did. I told him that 
I want'd one of them fat wethers. He said dat he know'd very 
well dat I want'd one. I then told him of our situation, and 
that I was sent by my Cap't with orders to git one at any rate 
but to git one fairly if I cul'd, and that the hide and tallow 
would be half the value of the sheep, and that my Cap't would 
on his return call and give a certificate so that he might get his 
pay. "Well den, " (said the old man) "you be a pritty honest 
Yankee. You can go into de house, and boys, you go and get de 
best wedder you can find, and bring him up so as by de house and 
Dress him." I then went in the house and the old man treated 
me, and gave me a good dinner. Then the boys came up with a 
noble wether. We soon had it dress'd, and they assist'd me in 
tying it together and put it on my horse, when the old man came 
to the door and said," Well den, dat is de best way to steal a 
sheep, for me, and for you, too. ' ' I then returned to my quar- 
ters with my mutton, and after my making my returns to my 
Cap't I was much applaud'd. 

After our term was expir'd we went home, and soon our wages 
was paid us for that tour. This was the first tour in which I 
had enough to clear myself and I was able now to cloth myself 
tolerable well. I needed it, as Winter was aproaching, and my 
health began to fail me again; I then apli'd to some Doctors for 
advice. They told me it was their opinion that I had better go 
to sea, that it might be an advantage to my health. My next 
object was to find a ship that I would be willing to trust myself 
in for our little priveteers had done runing, for there was no 
chance for them. 

*At this time there was a man by the name of Ell wood who 
belong'd to Fairfield who had come from Boston, and said he had 
got a Commission for Lieu't of Marines on board of a new ship 
Call'd the Alliance Command'd by Peter Landis (a French man) 
and that she was a very fine ship, mounting 36 guns, and she 
would be ready for sea in Jan'y, that they want'd hands, and 
and that he had order to enlist all he cul'd git. 

Some time in Nov 'm I inlist'd with one of my mates ; we was to 

*See Memorandum No. 5. 



LOST PRICE OF HIS HORSE 29 

bare our own expenses to Boston, and when we got there, the 
money was to be paid back to us. I had bought a colt with my 
wages for my N. Y. tour, which had now got to be a horse, 
which Isold to git spending money for us, but we never had 
any of it paid back to us, so I lost my horse. 

We set out for Boston in Deem'r; a few Days after westart'd 
there fell a heavy snow, which made very hard traveling, and 
my knees being weak, I was hardly able to go through it, but at 
last we arriv'd in Boston where we stay'd a few days to recrute 
our selves, (for I was about tucker'd out). 



30 REMINISCENCES OF THE REVOLUTION 



1779 

mFTER getting rest'd and suplying ourselves with a few neces- 
sarys etc, in the fore part of Janr'y in 1779 I went on board the 
Alliance Frigate. 

It was in the after part of the day, when the Clerk request'd 
our Names. (I must now leave this subject, until I have explain'd 
the name that I gave in, and reasons for doing, which I had ex- 
plain'd to Lieu't Ellwood and Ogden who was my mate before). 
It was much talkt about by the Toryes, that I was not lawfully 
exchang'd and had enter'd the servis Contrary to my Parole, 
(altho it was false) yet they want'd my neck streacht, and they 
spard'd no pains to Circulate it. I did not know how much in- 
fluense their storyes might have in case that I should be taken 
again, therefore in order to be cautious I took part of another 
name (with this propriety). 

My mother Died in Child bed when I was born and about the 
same time one of my Mother's brothers lost a child, which they 
had nam'd Jeremiah, and they took me to nurse, and call'd me 
by the same name ; which was the one that I always went by 
amongst my mother's relations. My father for tradition's sake 
saw fit to alter it and Call me Ichabod, but he afterwards told 
me that I might go by both names. I then gave in my name, 
Jeremiah Perry, which name I went by as long as I was on board. 

I then had to look about to fix myself for night (and as I got 
some stores viz, cofl^ee, sugar pepper mustard and three Jacknives 
and two Junk bottles of rum) I was taken into the first mess on 
board, and they assist'd me in stringing my hammock, and I treat'd 
them with one of my bottles of rum, telling them, that we would 
save the other for bitters in the morning, (but I did not know 
what company I was in). 

After I had got into my hammock I was much pleas'd in swing- 
ing, till I fell asleep, and left my mess mates up who was all 
Irishmen, and belong 'd to the gunner's gang— after I had got to 
sleep they open'd my Chest, and took out all of my stores, and 
Drank up my bottle of rum. After they had got through with 
all their fun, they put out the lights. They then Cut Down my 
hammock head foremost which gave me a proper surge ; I then 
had to shift as well as I cul'd till morning when I found my Chest 
broken open and my things taken out. I did not know how to 



LAFAYETTE ON BOARD 3 I 

git redress. I then made known my situation to one of the 
officers, who took my part, and told those fellows what to Depend 
on if they misus'd me. I was then use'd tolorbly well, for I 
soon got up to their Capers. 

After our ship had got all in, with the Marquis De Lafayett 
and his life gard, we set sail for France. We had very good 
weather for several days, with fair wind till we arriv'd on the 
banks of Newfoundland, or the Gulf Stream, when on a sudden, 
about eight o'clock at night there came on us a mighty wind, 
which hove the sea in heaps. We had not time or opportunity 
to settle down our topmast, for we had as much as we cul'd do 
to secure our hatches. Before we cul'd secure them we had 
taken in water so that it was a foot deep on the second Deck, 
and we had to bore holes through the Deck to let the water Down 
into the hole, so that we cul'd pump it out. Our chests and 
everything below was on float, and it was Difficult for any one 
below to go along, without gitting his leg broke, but after we 
had got holes bor'd through the Deck, we all went above. 

I was on sentinel at the Magazine before we was all order'd 
on deck, where I heard the Boatswain tell the Gunner that our 
ship would not work at all, and he believ'd we should all be lost, 
which made me begin to look round. After we had all got on 
deck our hatches ware batted down so as to be water tite. Our 
ship rol'd at a grate rate, her Mast would almost hit the water 
every role, and about twelve o'clock at night she upset. We 
was then in a great tumult, every one crawling to the upper side 
and getttng hold of something to hold on by, and thinking every 
sea beaking over us, would be the last, that our ship would not 
rise again. Our Cap't would sing out (every chance he had) for 
the Carpenders to cut away the masts, but they cul'd not git at 
them, for they was the greater part of the time under water. 
We continu'd in this situation for half an hour, when hope had 
left us, and gone on shore. Then to our great surprise there 
came a heavy sea which struck square against the deck, with 
such force that our main and mizion masts went off by the deck 
and the foretop mast by the Cap, and our ship right'd. It was 
fortunate for us, that our ballast in the hold did not shift, or 
any of our guns brake loose. If either had taken place, our ship 
would never have right'd. Our sailing master then sung out 
with a loud voice, *'A11 hands Clear the wreck, ahoye. " There 
was then work for all hands, cutting away the rigging in order 
to git clear of the masts and yards that was hanging to our side. 



32 REMINISCENCES OF THE REVOLUTION 

We had to make use of our jack knives as most of our axes that 
had been on deck was lost. 

It took us till morning to git our ship clear, for the seas was 
continuly braking over us, and we was about half the time under 
water, and when we got her clear, she lookt nak'd enugh, for 
our boats and spars that we lash't on the booms was all swept 
off, with everything that cul'd be started, so that there was noth- 
ing left but the main body, with the foremast and bowsprit. We 
got our ship so that we culd set a close reeft fore sail, and we 
had to scud before it for three nights, and most three days, with- 
out vituals or Drink or lodging, till we were all about exhaust'd. 
It was remarkable we did not loose a man. Some of the officers 
fair'd a little better, for they cul'd git into the Cabin, but had 
not much provisions there which they cul'd eat. 

The third day, a little after noon, the wind began to lull so 
that we open'd the hatches and let down two men (and shut them 
again) till they went and fill'd a large basket with bread. When 
we open'd them again and took the men out with the bread, they 
was almost surffocat'd. We all took a little of the bread which 
reviv'd us some. The sun was about an hour high, the Seas 
fell so that we cul'd open our hatches and go below. We then 
refresh't ourselves with raw pork, bread and a little grog. We 
want'd rest as much as anything, we soon turn'd into our ham- 
mocks to git some sleep. We slept this night with out much 
rocking. The next was fair and pleasant, we then was set at 
work in riging up Jun'r masts, with some small spars we had in 
the hold (for all we had above was carri'd off). We fixt them 
up as we cul'd so that we cul'd make pritty good headway, and 
we was favor'd with good weather and fair wind, the greater 
part of the time, the rest of our voyage. 

After we had got near to France, there was a Discovery made 
of a mutiny that was agreed on by a parsal of Irishmen who had 
enter'd on board for that purpose. It was first Discover'd by 
an old Swiss sailor who had been left in America and want'd to 
git to his own Country. He apli'd to our Cap't for a passage to 
France, and to gratify the old man, he grant'd his request; the 
old man was entirely useless on board (as to labor) but he was 
of material service other ways. These intend 'd mutineers was 
all smart active fellows, and some of them persons of Ability. 
All that cul'd had got into some petty office. There was one 
acting midshipman, a gunner mate, two or three quarter gunners, 
and a Sergt of Mariens. There was about seventy in the Con- 



LA FAYETTE S GUARD IN SERVICE 33 

spiracy who had bound themselves by an oath to stand by each 
other, and not to reveal the secret. 

They had furnisht themselves long knives, some swords and 
pistols before they came on board, and kept them conseal'd. 
The gunner's mate with the assistance of the other quarter gun- 
ners had load'd the two nine pounders on the forecastle with 
grape shot and musket balls, and got them ready to turn on the 
quarter Deck. They had their business so arrang'd that every 
one knew his place and the precise time was agreed on, when 
they was to put it in execution. About an hour before the time 
ariv'd, two of them (as they sat one side) was mentioning these 
affairs to each other, regardless of the old man who was sitting 
near them with his head between his knees, for they did not 
think of his understanding them (for they spoke in Irish). They 
mentioned the time and some of the affairs that was to take 
place, so that the old man had got the run of their business. 

He then mov'd slowly on deck, and one of them observed him, 
and follow 'd on behind him (which the old man observ'd). He 
went on the quarter deck and told the officer that he had some- 
thing of importance to tell him, but first, to order the gard to 
take that fellow who follow'd him, and let no one speak to him, 
or he to any one. The officer at first paid but little attention to 
him, but the old man was so urgent that he grant'd his request. 
The old man then told him what he had heard them say, and that 
the time was within half an hour at hand. 

The officer then made it known to the Cap't and LaFayette. 
The officers was all immediately arm'd, and LaFayett's gard, 
which consist'd of about thirty, all hands, was immediately calTd, 
some of the officers coming through between Decks, arm'd with 
swords and pistols. We was all drove up in great Confusion, 
under the half Deck, with the officers and LaFayette's gard 
around us, (I thought it something strange but I could not tell 
what it meant). They then Demand'd the keys' of every Chest 
between Decks, where the whole of their writings was found, 
with all their names; all their plans was in writing, and who 
they was to kill, and who to save alive. They then began to 
call names, one after another, and I cul'd hear the Irons rattling 
below, not knowing but my name would be call'd next. But 
after a while the Cap't of Marines brought me a cutlass and 
pistol with orders to go to the magazine and not suffer a man to 
come near it. I was soon inform 'd of the whole fracus, it took 
them from eight o'clock at night till twelve to git them all secur'd. 



34 REMINISCENCES OF THE REVOLUTION 

They were Iron'd hand and feet and fasten'd down to the Deck. 
Five of my mess mates was in the Conspiracy. It was the 
opinion of the officers, that they would have taken the ship had 
not their plan been Discover'd. The old man who first Dis- 
cover'd it was much applaud'd and after we ariv'd in France, 
he was Decently Cloth'd and a pass was given him to his native 
Country (and it was said he had enugh given him to suport him 
as long as he liv'd). 

We ariv'd in Breast sometime in Febr'ry. With all our Dif- 
ficulties, we was about twenty five Days on our passage. We 
then land'd Gen'l LaFayette and his gard and in a few Days our 
mutineers was taken on shore, and put into prison. They expect'd 
to be all hung, but I heard afterwards that they were help't out 
of prison by the French Irish, and the most of them made their 
escape. 

We then had our ship repair'd with new masts and riging, 
which was done in a short time, for they had all things handy 
there for such business. 

We then sail'd to L'Orient; and as our ships Crew was much 
diminish't by the Mutineers, we had to send to England and get 
some American prisoners exchang'd for some English prisoners 
which the French ships had taken. There were some Americans 
who had been prisoners in England for several years who said 
that they were us'd very hard and were treat'd with great Con- 
tempt, till Burgoyne was taken. I have often heard them tell 
what alteration that event made in England. 

They said there was a packet ariv'd with news that Burgoyne 
had got Down as far as Saratoga and was driving all before him 
and that the British fleet had gone up the North River and had 
taken all the fortifications, and that it was expect'd they would 
meet at Albany in a few days and then of Course the Rebels 
would be Conquer'd. 

This news was receiv'd in the afternoon and occasion'd a gen- 
eral illumination the same evening and caus'd a great joy in 
London. The following day was usher'd in by firing of Cannon 
with other manifestations of victory and was announc'd as a day 
of Rejoicing. The prisoners were taunt'd by their jailers with 
the defeat of their Countrymen, with worse usage than before. 
They began to fire their cannon, and illuminate their windows 
and word was given out for a day of Rejoicing, with all kinds 
of sports. 

In the midst of their revelry, about 10 o'clock another packet 



JOHN PAUL JONES, COMMANDER 35 

ariv'd bringing news to a much later date, that Gen'l Burgoyne 
with his whole army were taken prisoners of war by the Americans. 
This news put a sudden stop to all their fun, and the remainder 
of the day was turn'd into fasting and humiliation, as many of 
Burgoyne's army consist'd of a many natives of London. Some 
had husbands, some brothers and some sons (that was taken pri- 
soners) and they began to think, Will they be us'd as bad as the 
American prisoners are use'd, (God forbid), and they began to 
bring the prisoners victuals till they had more than they cul'd 
eat. They said after that they was us'd much better. 

I have Digresst a little from my story (but I will now return). 
There was, lying in Le Orient an old East India ship that was 
fitting for American service, and John Paul Jones (who had Dis- 
tinguish't himself very much by his former services) was appoint'd 
Commander. We assist'd in fitting her out, our ship went to a 
place Call'd St. Lizg, after her guns, which was taken from an 
old Demolish't Battery. There was great Exertions made in 
fitting her out, and getting her man'd. Cap't Jones gave her 
the Name of Goodman Richard or Bonhomme Richard. I was 
sent on board of her for a few weeks to keep gard, with several 
others (as trusty hands was scarce) where I got well acquaint'd 
with Cap't Jones, who often solicit'd me to stay with him, offer- 
ing me a serg't Birth. But I did not much like the ship, nor 
part of the Crew, for they was of all nations and Languages, so 
I went back to my old ship again. 

We soon got ready for sea, and Cap't Jones had gain'd so much 
confidence in France that a number of Frigates was sent with 
him, or partly under his command on an expedition, which to pri- 
vate hands was unknown, but many thought it was to surprise 
Plymouth, and to Distroy the city. 

We had bin out but a few Days before there was a Dispute 
arose between Cap't Landis and Cap't Jones, (as I was inform'd) 
who should take the lead, or which had the oldest Commission 
(which ought to been settl'd before we sail'd). Cap't Jones had 
told Cap't Landis that his commission was of such a date, which 
made it older than Cap't Landis', by which means he had con- 
sent'd that Jones shuld be Commander, but after we had got to 
sea, by the advise of some of the French Captains, Cap't Landis 
insist'd on seeing Cap't Jones Commission. He found it to be 
Dat'd after his. 

Cap't Landis then assum'd the Command which Jones would 
not give up, which made such an uproar that the French ships all 



36 REMINISCENCES OF THE REVOLUTION 

left us, but one old Clump of a ship mounting 30 guns which I 
believe was put into the American Servis, she was call'd the 
Pallas. After the French ships had left us, we had to abandon 
our expedition, and we sopos'd that it was contriv'd so, by the 
French officers, for they was suspicious that Jones would lead 
them into a place which they would not like. 

The Richard, Alliance and Pallas* then went a crusing, but 
Jones and Landis was not on good terms (which made it bad). 
We did not take any prizes of much importance in this Cruse 
for it was short, which was occasion'd by the Richard and Alliance 
running fowle. 

One night as we was sailing along with a handsome breeze at 
12 O'clock, we was close troll to the wind, and the Richard about 
half a mile to the windward, for we always gave her that advant- 
age (because she was a dull sailor) when the Richard Up helm 
and stood right for us. We sopos'd they want'd to speak to us 
about something, and that when she came within Hale that she 
would luff up again. We then hove our maintopsail a back in 
order to let them go ahead of us. At the same time, they thought 
that we was going ahead and they conclud'd to run under our 
stern which we perceiv'd. We went to fill our top sail again, 
in order to shoot ahead (but we was too late). The watch had 
just bin call'd, and most of the men had gone below, and the 
other watch had not got up, so at this present time there was 
but few men on deck, not suficient to manage the sail, as quick 
as the necessity requir'd. 

I was on sentinal on the quarter deck at this time. I had to 
throw down my weapons and seize the main brau, but it was to 
late. The Richard's Jibboon first struck our mizzin-masts, which 
all gave way together, the Contents of them cover'd me up, and 
had it not been for a Cannon which I was by the side of, where 
I scroucht down, I should bin masht to pieces, but the gun sav'd 
me. It was a long time before they could git me out. I was 
completely cover'd with the rubbish. The Richard struck us 
with great force as she was under full way and a heavy ship. 
It was sopos'd that we was mash't to pieces, our officers and m.en 
all ran on Deck nak'd. The Cap't first order'd some guns to be 
fir'd for the Pallas to come to our assistance. There was some 
swell in the sea and evr'y pitch would make the bones of our 
ship crack at great rate. 

*These three vessels were the first fleet of the American Navy to invade 
European waters. 



DR. FRANKLIN, MINISTER TO FRANCE 37 

After we had got clear of each other we found that we was 
not so much injur'd as we expect'd. Our bottom was yet firm, 
but our Quarter Deck was much Damag'd, for about twenty feet 
the quarter was beat Down, with our wheel which we stear'd 
with, and our binnacles (but no lives lost). The Richard lost 
her Bowsprit head and Cutwater. 

We then had to make the best of our way into France to re- 
pair. This unlucky affair was by no means any help to bring 
about Reconciliation between Landis and Jones, for Cap't Landis 
accus'd Jones of running fowle of him on purpose to sink him, 
and he gave out some threats, respecting the business, in the 
hearing of all hands, with a verbal Chalenge to meec him on board 
of either of the Ships, and Decide those disputes by the points 
of their Swords, aledging that he did not wish his men to suffer 
for the misunderstanding that exist'd between them. 

We then saiTd into Le Orient where we repair'd our ship in 
a short time, and I expect that there was some pains taken by 
Dr. Franklin who was then Minister at France, to Reconcile 
Landis and Jones. The blame of the Richard running foul the 
Alliance was attribut'd to one of Jones Lieuts who was suspend'd 
for his conduct, so that Jones had no concern in this matter. 
Which so far pasify'd the old man that he Consent'd to go out 
again with Jones, on another Cruse. 

We again set sail I should say the latter part of July or begin- 
ning of August. Our squadron consist'd of the Richard 42 guns, 
the Alliance 36, the Pallas 30, the Ranger 14 guns (a cutter). 
We sail'd North of England, till we came to Ireland, taking all 
that we came a Crost, and such as was not worth taking we 
Destroy 'd (taking out the men). We was some time in Company, 
and some times we was seperat'd, but when we seperat'd I con- 
clud'd that it was by Consent and we would meet again at Cer- 
tain places by agreement. We went round near the shore and 
enter'd several harbors, taking and Distroying all vessels that 
we came a Crost that belonged to the British, in this way we 
sail'd round England, Ireland and Scotland. 

We was off Scotland, and seperat'd from the rest of our Squad- 
ron, we fell in with a large Letter of Marque Mounting 22 guns, 
the Betsey, who had lately taken a French East Indian who felt 
so important that they exchang'd a broadside, before they would 
surender. She was a very fine looking ship, but she had nothing 
on board but ballast. She was going to some place to take a 
Cargo. 



38 REMINISCENCES OF THE REVOLUTION 

In a few days after this we discover'd a large ship, which we 
gave Chase to. It was near the Shetland Islands. We soon 
came up with her, and at the same time we Discover'd the Rich- 
ard and the rest of our Squadron making toward us, but they did 
not frighten us, for we knew them by sight. We then run along 
side the ship that we was in Chase of, and hail'd her, to know 
who she was and what she was going to do. They told us that 
they shuld make resistence, that they were ready for battle. 
But rather than risque a broad side from us, they struck their 
Colors, and the Cap't was seen to throw overboard a large bundle 
of papers after he had struck his Colors, by which means he was 
use'd very rough by our Cap't. 

This was a large merchant ship mounting twenty guns, (with 
some false ones). She was load'd with Clothing and provisions 
for soldiers in some part. It was said it was of great value. 
We took some of the Clothing out for our own accomodation and 
all our mariens had a suit of British uniform, so that we might 
Decoy them. 

This ship had news papers on board which inform'd us of the 
news in America, part of which was that the British had land'd 
at Fairfield in Connecticut and stay'd all night, and Ravish't all 
the women that stay'd in town, and cut out the tongue of an old 
man by the name of Solomon Sturges, because he would not speak 
(for he culd not, by reason of a fit of Numbpalsy) and then burnt 
the Town, and then marcht to Norwalk and burnt that town with 
all the buildings on their way which was twelve miles. New 
Haven and several other places had also bin burnt ; after hearing 
this news with their boasting in their Cruelty, Cap't Jones, (as 
I believ'd) had a mind to retaliate. 

We then steer'd for Scotland to a place (I think) Call'd White 
Haven. It was a fine looking place. I shuld say it was 3 or 4 
miles up the harbor before we came to the town, and as we enter'd 
the harbor, it was very pleasant on both sides, and it was a pleas- 
ant day. The fields was all in sight and the old Scotchmen was 
plowing their fields, without any alarm, when we was getting 
out our boats, and covering them over with water Caste but 
underneath the Caste was fill'd with men, arm'd with weapons 
of Distruction and fire matches to Complete the ruin (as I under- 
stood). We was to form, in a solid Column, and march through 
the main Street, and give the alarm to the inhabitants to flee, 
till we had got to the further end of the Town. We was then 
to turn back and plunder all that we cul'd git that was valuable. 



PLOT FOILED BY PRINCE OF THE AIR 39 

and then set fire to every building. (But as for my part, I did 
not much like our orders, altho my native Town had lately bin 
burnt by our enemy). But we had got all ready with the men 
stow'd in the bottoms of all our largest boats Conseal'd, before 
we came to the town. 

Our pretense was to be, that we was in persute of Paul Jones 
Squadron and we was short of water, and must be suply'd im- 
mediately. We amount'd to about 1000 ugly looking fellows. 
The Richard's largest boat had come along side the Alliance to 
be tow'd in, as the Richard was a dull sailor, by which means I 
got into that boat, either on purpose, or accidently. We came 
up within half a mile of the town (or City) and we had spoken 
to some boats to let them know that we was in want of water, 
and being under British Colors they did not seem to be alarm'd. 
But I believe that some of the old Scotchmen mistrust'd that it 
was Paul Jones, and that they supplicat'd the Prince of the Air, 
for to Defeat him, (which apear'd to begrant'd) for as weenter'd 
the Harbor, there arose a black Cloud behind us, which follow 'd 
us up so closely that after the boats had let loose from the ships, 
and some had struck shore, the Cloud rode with such fury that 
the signal was given for us all to return and it was with much 
Dificulty that we got in our boats, and Clear'd the land. 

The wind blew like a hurrycane that afternoon, and the insue- 
ing night, and it was so dark, that we culd not see a stump or 
a tree, by which means we got seperat'd again. In this seper- 
ation the Richard and Ranger ran into a harbor some ways up a 
river, call'd Hull, and took out some vessels. The Alliance ran 
into Scarborough point ; we then Reconoiter'd to see what we cul'd 
do, and running past Flamborough Head harbor, we Discovered 
several merchant shiping laying at Ancor, and our Calculation 
was to stand off on till night and then run in, and take them out. 
(But it so happen 'd that we had other business for that night 
September 23.) 

Towards night we Discover'd a small fleet standing in for land 
(or for Scarborough) and we made sail, in order to cut them off 
before they past Scarborough point, and the Convoy of the Fleet 
perceiving our intention, left the fleet and stood for us. The 
Convoy consist'd of the Sarapis, a new ship mounting 44 guns 
and the Countess Scarborough mounting 30 or 32 guns. Before 
we met them Cap't Jones made some arrangement (which I always 
thought, was not well Calculated, but I did not pretend to be a 
Judge in such matters). His Directions was for the Alliance to 



40 REMINISCENCES OF THE REVOLUTION 

engage the small ship, and the Pallas and Ranger to Reconoiter 
off Scarborough Point and keep off any shiping, that might come 
to the enemy's assistance, and as for the large ship, he would 
engage her, and they need not trouble themselves about him. 

We then soon came together, we was opposit Flamborough 
Head. It was about eight oclock at night with a light breeze 
off wind. We was about three miles from shore. We first 
Hail'd, but there was not many ceremonies past. How shall I 
Describe the rest of it? 

There was a great noise and rattling with the great guns and 
little ones too, hard enough to make old England tremble. The 
Richard Carri'd six 18 pounders, three on one side, and two of 
them bust'd, the first shot, which did more execution on board 
than out, for they kill'd the most of the men that was station'd 
at them. I was near them, as gard over the prisoners who was 
in the hold. What was not kill'd then went on the upper Deck, 
and quit the lower one entirely. After firing two or three broad 
sides Cap't Jones thought to make quick work of it, by running a 
Crost the Enemy's bows and then board them, or to git in a situa- 
tion not to be expos'd to their broad side. Jones then attempt'd to 
board them, but they was prepair'd for him, and beat him back. 

At this time I heard great bustle on deck, but did not know 
what it meant, till the Carpenters came down with a long string 
of plugs to stop ball holes with, who told me that we was lash'd 
together, and that they was trying to board, I then had a mind 
to run up and see what was going on. The Carpender told me 
that he had left a hatch partly open so that I cul'd git up, and 
that he should be there till I cul'd git back, (and there being 
another sentinel with me) I left my accoutrements and went up 
just as the enemy was attempting to board us. I took a board 
pike and went into the gangway where there was a great jingle- 
ing for a few minutes, but we soon beat them back. I had a 
pike stuck into my mouth but I turn'd my head so sudden that I 
turn'd it out without much injury, only being hansomly bled. 

I then went back to my station leaving them on deck to fight 
it out by hard knocks, but I was as much expos'd as any of them, 
for I was about level with the enemy's lower tier, where there 
was nine 18 pounders Driving into us at no small rate. The 
Carpender soon had no use for his plugs to stop the holes, for 
we was most all hole. Pieces of their wad would come in as 
large as a man's fist in a blaze of fire. Many would go through 
the grates of the hatches into the hold and we would git the 



THE RICHARD DISABLED 41 

prisoners to put them out, but it was not long before the water 
would put them out. 

They play'd away pretty sharp on deck and we had the better 
of them on the upper deck, but they was playing the Duce with 
us from their lower tier, which was out of our reach. By this 
time I think that Cap't Jones began to believe what Landis told 
him, when he conclud'd to take the large ships (that he might do 
as he pleas'd but he would have his hands full). I sopos'd that 
it was on account of the Disagreement between them which was 
the cause of such an arrangement. But Jones and his men fought 
with Desperation for about three hours from the Commencement 
till the Richard's sides was shiver'd to pieces. She took fire 
from the muzzels of their guns in several places, which burnt 
very furiously, and required great exertions to stop its rageing. 

At the same time the water was gaining very fast in the hold 
so that the prisoners began to think that they shuld drown and 
to cry out for help at a great rate. When the water had got to 
their chins, the master at Arms unlock 'd the hatches and after 
they had all promist by the Crook of the Elbow not to interfere 
in the action, we let them up, and the two sentinals took care 
of them and kept them between decks, and they assist'd in bail- 
ing out water. At this time the water broke into the magazine 
with great force, so that it frighten'd the gunner, for he thought 
the ship was sinking. Understanding that all the Officers was 
kill'd but himself, he ran upon the forecastle, and there seeing 
her upper parts on fire which frighten'd him worse yet, he sung 
out for quarters, when an old sailor draw'd his Jacknife and 
stab'd it into the gunner's buttock. 

There was then a little cessation of fireing, when the enemy 
hail'd, and ask't if we had struck colors. Jones reply'd,'*! have 
no notion for it. I have only just begun to fight. ' ' Cap't Landis 
said if that was all he had to do he shuld not be in a great hurry, 
for he cul'd take that ship, and not expose his men, as he had 
heavier mettle than they. So he kept at a distance from them, 
fireing at long shots, so that it was above two hours before she 
struck, when she might been taken in half an hour. The Pallas 
had come up and fire'd into the Scarborough when she struck. 
The Cap't of the Pallas then hail'd Cap't Landis and advis'd 
him to make sail, and go to the assistance of Cap't Jones for it 
must be that he was in Distress, and they would take charge of 
the Scarborough. 

The Alliance then made for the Richard. The Serapis had 



42 REMINISCENCES OF THE REVOLUTION 

drop't an ancor, after Jones had got along side of them, to hold 
them where they was, as the wind and current was both one way, 
and the rest of the shiping cul'd not git up to assist Jones. 
They had Drift'd two or three miles to the Leeward, but the 
Alliance being a fast sailor, soon came up, and it was said that 
she hail'd and hoist'd up lanterns for signals and got no answer, 
for the Richard was then in the height of Confusion, and perhaps 
paid no attention to them. Cap't Landis then said that the ship 
which lay stern towards them was the enemy, and order'd them 
to fire, but some of the Officers and men was of a differnt opin- 
ion, and would not fire till they was sure. But there was eight 
guns fir'd into the Richards stern which add'd much to their trou- 
ble, and kill'd a number of men. 

Cap't Jones then request'd Cap't Landis to go on the opposite 
side and board her so as to take her immediately for they had no 
time to spare, but Cap't Landis refus'd saying he cul'd take her 
sooner his own way. He then went round under the enemy's 
stern, and gave orders for every gun to be ready and not be in 
a hurry, but level their pieces well, and the maintop sail was 
hove back to stop her way when they fir'd, which put an end to 
the matter. We then had to git ready to be off with ourselves. 

All the boats that was fit for use, was then got out, and the 
prisoners that was on board the Richard was taken on board the 
Alliance, and those that was taken with the Serapis wasconfin'd 
in that ship. All hands was engag'd in trying to save the Rich- 
ard, some at the pumps, others with buckets bailing, and others 
with the Carpenters trying to barricade her sides. For about 
midships, she was broken down almost to the water, as much as 
12 or 15 feet wide. Cap't Landis sent his carpenters and some 
hands to assist. The Pallas and Ranger soon came up and assist'd, 
and by nailing on canvas well tarr'd they stopt her Leaks so that 
they gain'd upon the water Considerable and there was some 
hopes of saving her. The Sarapis also want'd some repairing 
for her main and Mizzen masts was hanging along side, by the 
rigging, which must be clear'd. 

The battle end'd about twelve o'clock at night and with all 
our exertions we cul'd not git ready to stand off till sunrise. 
We cul'd hear the alarm guns fir'd very often, and the lanthorns 
on shore was as thick as ever I saw lightning bugs, and when it 
was light, we cul'd see all the fields on shore cover'd with people. 
It was sopos'd there was 30,000 in sight. 

When we got all ready we stood off to sea, with a moderate 



DRAMATIC SrNKING OF THE RICHARD 43 

breeze and smooth water. The Alliance took the Sarapis in 
toe, for she cul'd not carry much sail. The Richard's crew 
(or what was left) continu'd on board (with some of the other 
ships crews) who was persevering in their operations to save her, 
and they put her under full sail. She went very well, and we 
bid old England good bye for the present. We expect'd every 
minute to see some ships in persuite of us. We went on our 
way very well till about ten o'clock, when the wind began to 
breeze up which made sum swell in the seas, which would wash 
over her broken sides so that the water began to gain very fast, 
and they gave up all hopes. All the boats then went to their 
assistance. All the men then got in to the boats and left her 
under full sail; Cap't Jones with his men went on board the 
Serapis, and the rest to their respective ships. They took noth- 
ing out of her but their clothing, and some of the hands did not 
get that. The ship kept her Course as steady as if there had bin 
a man at helm, for nearly half an hour when she made a pitch 
head foremost, and Disappear'd. 

We had got out of sight of land before she sunk, which was 
some pleasing to us — we then made the best of our way for Hol- 
land. In a few days we arive'd in the Texel where we put our- 
selves under the protection of the Dutch fleet which was then 
lying in that port. In about two hours after we got in, there 
was seven Frigates hove in sight, that was in persuit of us, but 
we was out of their way. We then got Liberty to land our pris- 
oners and send them off. The Alliance had about 1000 on board 
and not more than 300 of our own men. I think the whole of 
our prisoners was about 2000. We was much reliev'd when we 
got rid of them for we had to go arm'd the whole of the time. 

After we had got our matter all settl'd, Cap't Jones set out 
for France by land, (as we sopos'd) with a complaint against 
Cap't Landis for giving order to fire into the Richard when they 
were in Distress and for Disobaying orders at other times. The 
most of our hands was in Cap't Landis' favor, thinking that he 
did it ignorantly (because he had always bin a very good Cap't 
and favorable to his men) but others were jealous of him, which 
made Considerable talk amongst the hands. In order to gain the 
good will of the ships Crew, Cap't Landis gave them a gill of 
gin pr man every morning (at his own expense) till Jones re- 
turn'd (which was nearly a month.) When Jones arriv'd (it was 
a dead set) for he brought Cap't Landis Suspension, and Authority 
to take the Command of the Alliance himself which was not 



44 REMINISCENCES OF THE REVOLUTION 

much pleasing to most of our Officers or men, but they all made 
the best of it. 

Cap't Landis took a very affectionate leave of Officers and 
men. Then Cap't Jones came on board (for he darst not while 
Landis v^as on board, for I believe L. would have kill'd him) 
and he took the best of his Officers and men from the Serapis on 
board the Alliance, and left the rest to take care of her. I 
think it was the latter part of Nov'm when we went into Holland 
and we stay'd there till some time in Februry 1780. 



ENGLISH FRIGATES LOSE THEIR PREY 45 



1780 

*fi^T was call'd a hard Winter in America, and I believe it was, 
II for the wind would blow at a great rate, which finally Drove 
us from our ancorage, and we come nigh gitting on shore. In the 
evening we Discovr'd that our ship was drifting, so that we got 
off the ancor ground, and we let go all our ancors, but they would 
not hold us. When we was leting go the sheet ancor there was a 
Dispute arose between Cap't Jones and Mr. Buckley, our sailing 
Master, who should take charge of it, and it came to blows, and 
Buckley gave Jones a good Drubbing, for which he was confin'd 
till Jones lost Command of the ship. Our ship continu'd drag- 
ging, and the wind blowing a hard gale. At daylight our ship 
was within ten rods of shore. We then had but one alternative 
and that must be done quick, which was to fix a spring to the 
cable of our sheet anchor, so as to hold our stern to, and have 
some sail ready to set and then cut oflP all the cables we had out, 
and let the bow swing off till the sails would fill, then cut the 
spring, and put to sea. 

We had the good luck to go clear, but not a foot to spare. 
We then put to sea, without an ancor on board. When we got 
out of the harbor, we was met by a number of Frigates that was 
waiting for us but the sea was so rough that they cul'd not loose 
their guns to fire at us, and they cul'd not catch us, but they 
kept the outside of us, to stop us from going out to sea. But 
we past to the left and run down the English Channel, which 
they did not expect. They gave chase to us, but we out run 
them, and the air being thick we was soon out of sight. They 
often fir'd guns to alarm the shiping that was lying in the Chan- 
nel, but they did not get the alarm till it was too late. We 
went past in plain sight, and went out at the other end. 

When we had surround'd England, Ireland, and Scotland in that 
Cruise we ran down to Spain, and we went into a Harbor called 
Corunna where we had to go one way and to the other most all 
day, till we sent on shore for an ancor and Cable, to hold us. 
We stay'd in Spain about two months, we then went on a short 
Cruise up the North side of England, where we took several 
Coasting Brigs which was of no great value. 

We took one large Merchant ship that was a Dane (which I 
think is worth detailing). We came acrost her on a very pleas- 



46 REMINISCENCES OF THE REVOLUTION 

ant day. They did not try to keep out of our way (for the Danes 
were Neutrals). Our Cap't hail'd them, and request'dthe Cap't 
to come on board our ship to show his Clearance (which was 
comply 'd with). We was under English colors, and our mariens 
all Brest in English uniform. 

After Jones had examin'd his papers, and found that he last 
saird from Plymouth, Jones pretend'd that we was an English 
Frigate just from New York and we had been gone a long time, 
and was now returning home, and we want'd to know what the 
news was, and how business was going on in England. (This 
conversation was on the quarter deck where many the hands cul'd 
hear it, but Jones would now and then cast his eye around, as 
much as to say, be still). 

The Dane Cap't inform'd that the greatest embarrisment they 
had was on account of one Paul Jones, who had for a long time 
bin Cruising round England, Ireland, and Scotland with a squad- 
ron. He had done much Damage by taking and Destroying the 
Coasters and had taken a forty four and a thirty gun ship near 
shore, and got off with them and the Merchants was afraid to 
venture any property out, unless it was strongly gard'd, by which 
means he was employ'd to carry goods under Natural Colors, 
and that Jones was then on the coasts and had begun his mischief 
and that he was some afraid of him, for he was call'd a pirate 
and there was a great reward offer'd for him. Jones ask't what 
they would do with him, if they cul'd ketch him. He said they 
would hang him, and he set him out to be a terrible Creature, 
and Jones help't him along till he lernt what character he bore 
in England pretty well. 

Jones inquir'd about several Merchants in Plymouth if he 
knew them. He mention'd one in particular, if he knew him; 
he answer'd that he knew him well and that he was in his em- 
ploy, that the Cargo he then had on board belong 'd to him. 
Jones inquir'd where he thought Jones was, and what his force 
was, and the Dane told him, he then had only a single frigate. 
Jones told him that he would Cruise for him, that he had a good 
ship and well man'd and he was confident he cul'd take him and 
git the reward. 

Jones was very friendly with him and was much pleas'd with 
the information he had given him, and after taking an other 
glass of wine Jones accompani'd him to the gang way where 
they shook hands and bid each other farewell with their good 
wishes. The Dane's wishes was that when he return'd to Ply- 



DANE MEETS A SHOCKING SURPRISE 47 

mouth he might have the pleasure of seeing him, with Paul 
Jones, his prisoner. He then went down the sides and was just 
stepping into his boat (when Jones said), "0, Cap't, there is one 
thing which I have not told you, please to step up on deck." 
(The Cap't came up), when Jones look't him stern in the face, 
(said) "My name is Paul Jones." The poor man fell as sudden 
as if he had ben knock 't in the head, but Jones catch'd him by 
the arm and with a smile told him, he need not fear, for there 
would be no harm done to him, but his Cargo was a good prize 
to us. We then man'd her out, and sent her off, but the men 
we did not consider as prisoners, only smugglers and they was 
not confin'd. 

We Cruis't off England about three weeks. We then went 
into LeOrient, in France, where we overhall'd our ship, and re- 
pair'd her, and fitt'd her for sea again. We took in a number 
of cannon and field pieces, and 7000 stand of small arms, and a 
large quantity of powder to bring to America. After we had got 
all our loading in, and was ready for sea, one Day when Jones 
was on shore, Landis came on board dres't in his uniform. He 
assum'd the Command of the ship, liberat'd Wm. Buckley, the 
sailing master, who Jones had confin'd, and Landis was Accept'd, 
but it was the cause of great tumult. 

Jones immediately set out for Paris, for information what to 
do. It was Landis' intention to put right to sea, but the Har- 
bor was very diflficult to pass with a fair wind, and the wind 
continu'd ahead for six days. On the sixth at evening we began 
to warp the ship out, by carrying out a small ancor in a boat the 
length of a hawser, and then hawl the ship up to it, and then 
carry out another — this was making slow headway. It took us 
all night to warp her three miles to Fort Louis. 

At break of day Jones arriv'd at the Fort with orders for the 
Fort to stop us. We then had to come to ancor, within ten rods 
of the Fort. They open'd some of their lower teer, which was 
mount'd with 48 pounders, and threaten'd with Distruction if we 
offer'd to move, which a little rais'd our Fears, and on consider- 
ation that Jones had show'd too much partiality, and had punish 't 
several of the Alliance's Crew beyond any reason, we agreed 
to keep him off, after learning that he was making preperations 
to take the ship by force. We made no resistance. They strech't 
a cable from the Fort acrost the Channel (for it was narrow) and 
bouy'd it up with boats to keep us in. We heard from the City 
that Jones had got seven hundred solders on board a long row- 



48 REMINISCENCES OF THE REVOLUTION 

gaily with some large boats, and was coming to take us on sur- 
prise, but we being appris'd of it, prepair'd ourselves by fixing 
up our sides with boarding nets. Landis had sent word to the 
Fort that if Jones attempted to take us by force, we would resist 
him, and if the Fort interfer'd and fir'd on us, we should strike 
our Colors, and resign ourselves prisoners of war. 

About dark Jones with his French soldiers came drifting down 
with the tide, very still, but we was looking for them. When 
ihey came near enough Landis hail'd them, and inform'd them 
that we was in readiness for them, and what would be the con- 
sequences if they attempt'd to board us. They then shear'd off 
a little, and came to ancor about ten rods off, where they lay all 
night, and we kept our places all night watching them. (All 
Jones' old ship's crew, who was in favor of him had liberty to 
stay below). The latter part of the night Landis sent a boat to 
the Fort, informing the Commander that his intentions was to 
weigh ancor at day light and put to sea, and if he met with 
any resistance he would do as he said before, and the cable that 
was Crost the Channel, if it was not taken away, when we came 
to it, we would cut it in two. The Officers of the Fort presist'd 
in their threats, but we did not think they would fire on us. 

At day light we weigh'd ancor and got under way, and the 
Fort threaten 'd us very hard and would swing their matches as 
tho' they was going to touch off their guns, but we paid no atten- 
tion to them. We had got a boat under our bow with a man 
with an ax in his hands, ready to cut the Cable, but just before 
we got to it, they let go the end and let it sink, and we came off 
with flying Colors, and left Jones behind. (Jones had been on 
board the Alliance about eight months). 

We left France (I think) in September. We had very favor- 
able weather on our passage and had no difficulty but what we 
had on board. The old man (Cap't Landis) behav'd very well, 
till we got more than half way home, when he began to be ugly. 
When we had fair wind he would lye too, or run another way off 
from our Course, and when he was ask't his reasons he said, 
that he want'd to fall in with a forty gun ship that was Cruis- 
ing about there, and take her, in order to retrieve his Character. 
Our Officers was all Dissatisfy 'd with his Conduct, but they did 
not like to oppose him. One morning the wind was fair, and 
we was lying too, when the hands agreed to take up the bus- 
iness. We then all went on the quarter deck, and sent for Cap't 
Landis to come on deck, for we want'd to talk with him, but he 



A SUCCESSFUL MUTINY 49 

refus'd to come saying that he would not advise with his men, 
but would do as he pleas'd. 

We had appoint'd Sam'l Pratt as our foreman who was Cap- 
able of commanding the ship. He then gave orders for making 
Sail (our Officers all being mute) and we got under good way 
towards home, when Landis came on deck and he look'd bad: he 
then order'd the sailors to be taken in, but no one obey'd his 
orders. We then let loose the halyerd, but some men in the tops 
had stop't them so that the yard would not settle, which made 
the old man very mad, and he order 'd some of the Officers to a 
loft and cast off the stopping, but they did not go. He then 
caird the Officers of mariens to call all the Mariens to take 
muskets, and kill the first man that disobey 'd his order, and they 
caird all their names but none of them answer'd. He had Call'd 
up his Clerk with a table and paper to take down every man's 
name, that would not obey his order, and have them return 'd as 
mutineers, and said he would have them all hung. He then 
inquir'd who refus'd to obey his order, when Pratt answer'd 
that he would not. The Cap't then ask't his name, he said, 
Peter Gimlet. The Cap't told his Clerk to set him down. The 
Clerk said there was no such name on board. The Cap't told 
him to set it down. He then inquir'd if there was any more, 
when we all spoke out as one man, that we would not obey his 
orders, as long as he was unreasonable. 

He then appear'd to Cool down a little, and he inquir'd what 
objections we had, for not Cruising for the ship, for he was Con- 
fident that we cul'd take her. Pratt answer'd, and stat'd our 
situation, that having such a quantity of powder on board which 
was stow'd above water, it was not intend'd that we should en- 
gage any ship where it cul'd be avoid'd. (The Cap't then said), 
"You be so fraid being blow'd up, you shall be blow'd up." 
**Very well, " said Pratt, '* since you begin to threaten we will 
know what to do with you." Pratt then request'd some of the 
mariens to take musquets, and convey Cap't Landis into the 
Cabin, and not suffer him to come out again till further orders. 

We then went on till we got near Boston when our Officers 
held a consultation with the advice of Wm. Pinkney, (who had 
bin sent as a minister from America to France, and was a pas- 
senger home) and they agreed that our Officers shul'd take Com- 
mand of the ship, and take her into Boston, and that Cap't Landis 
shul'd be consider 'd as under arrest. 

We enter 'd Boston in that situation, I shul'd say in October 



50 REMINISCENCES OF THE REVOLUTIO'lvr 

1780, and there was a Court Marshall immediately call'd and the 
allegations brought forward. Cap't Landis was accus'd of his 
conduct through the whole of our Crusing with Jones, and his 
Conduct on our passage home, which was examin'd into from 
witnesses. Cap't Landis brought an accusation against his hands 
for mutiny and for confineing him by force of Arms. After four 
days investigation, we was all call'd on to hear their verdict 
(which was) that Cap't Landis was to have his Commission taken 
from him, and never to serve again in the American service, 
and that the Court did approve of the conduct of the hands (on 
the passage) and that they merited the thanks of their Country 
for their behavior, etc. 

By this time the most of the hands had left the ship, and she 
wanted repairing and new Corking, and to fix her for that she 
must be unloaded, and about forty men agreed to stay. We was 
offord day wages for our services and we work'd hard for three 
weeks, when we all march 't up to the navy board to get our 
wages (in order to git a little money to help us home). But the 
Officers of the board told us they had no money but old Conti- 
nental, which was good for nothing, so I and Chancey Wheelor 
set out for Fairfield (which was about two hundred miles) with- 
out money. We beg'd some, and sold some of our old Clothes 
for Dinners. We got along as well as we cul'd and got home, 
about naked and penniless. 

I had bin gone twenty three months. J went off with a horse 
in my pocket, but returned empty, and I never did receive more 
than fifteen Dollars for all my services, and prize money for 
that Cruise. Sept. 1780. 

*In Nov'm 1780 I again enter'd on board the Alliance for one 
year on a cruise as Serg't of Marines under Command of Com- 
modore John Barry. 

*See Memorandum No. 6. 



DARING FEAT ON ICY YARDARM 51 



1781 

ME sail'd from Boston in Jan'ry 1781, bound for France. 
On our passage through the Gulf Stream we had a hard 
blow in the night, and we had some difficulty in handling our 
main top sail, it being wet and frozen. They cul'd git no man 
to venture out on the weather yard arm, to spill the sail, and it 
was like to be split to pieces, when Cap't Barry exclaim'd, "For 
God's sake, have I not got a man on board that dare go out on 
that yardarm?" (I was then on the quarter deck). I answer 'd 
that I thought I cul'd do it. The Cap't answer'd me with appro- 
bation and incouragement. I then mount 'd the shroud pretty 
supple, and soon perform'd the work, when Cap't Parke (the 
Cap't of Marines) began to brag, telling Cap't Barry if there 
was anything difficult to be done, he had to call on his marines. 
Cap't Barry then inquir'd who it was that had perform'd that 
act, when Cap't Parker reply 'd that it was Perry, one of his 
Serg'ts. Cap't Barry inquir'd how he came to know anything 
about handling sails, when Cap't Parker told him that I had 
sail'd on board that ship for two years previous. Cap't Barry 
then inquir'd what business I had to be a marine, and that I 
should not serve in that capacity any longer. The other serg't 
was present and heard the conversation, and he told me of it. 

When I came down the next day Cap't Barry sent for me into 
the Cabin and he ask't me many questions, what services I had 
perform'd etc. (which I answer'd him). He then (after making 
some observations between the Dignity of Seaman and Marines) 
ask't me if I was willing to do seaman's duty in case he would 
place me in as good (or better) situation than I was then in. I 
agreed to act in any place which he should asign me. He then 
appoint'd me Cap't of the Aftergard, and gave me the Command 
of a Gun on the quarter deck and rat'd me as Act'g Midshipman 
(but I never took my station as midshipman, for I chose to con- 
tinue with my old messmates). 

After a long passage and head wind, one morning we made 
land, when we found ourselves near Isl. de Groix which lyes 
nine miles out from Le Orient harbor. We then sail'd in be- 
tween the Isl and Le Orient, but we cul'd not enter the harbor 
because the wind was high, and not fair, and the harbor Difficult 



52 REMINISCENCES OF THE REVOLUTION 

to enter, so we came to Ancor about Six miles from the harbor. 
We then hoist'd out our barge, to go on shore. 

We had a young Gentleman on board, son of Mr. Warren of 
Plymouth, who was one of the first Instigators of our Revolution. 
This young Gentlemen had bin Delicately brought up and not 
acquaint'd with hardships (and having a taste for grog) he had 
got stupid, and almost senseless, and quite useless. (He was 
Lieu't of Marines). The Doctor advis'd to send him on shore as 
soon as possible. Accordingly he was put into the barge, and I 
was select'd by him, to superintend him. We set out for shore 
in a heavy swell. When we land'd we cul'd not walk at all, 
for the ground was all in motion, and would rise up in a fellow's 
face, before he cul'd think of it. 

There was soon a house appoint'd for us, and we got Mr. War- 
ren to his lodging. I then went out and run through the City 
in order to get on my land legs, tilll worri'd myself out. When 
I stcp't I cul'd not stand still without holding on something. 
At night I went to bed in a small light bed room. When I got 
into bed it began to roll so that I had to hold on both sides to 
keep me from falling out. I had not lay long before I began to 
be sick, and I had a tough night of it, which was the only time, 
1 was ever seasick. 

The next morning I began my operations on Mr. Warren, by 
cleaning him up, and causing him to exercise as much as he 
cul'd bare, and by talking to him, sometimes telling him funny 
storyes, and at others to agrevate him. (I had my directions 
from the Doctor). In a few weeks he hadgot quite comfortable, 
and his facultyes return'd as usual. A few days after we land'd, 
there was a gentleman (a Jew) hearing of Mr. Warren, came to 
see him, who said that he was intimately acquaint'd with his 
Father. He offered him any assistance that he might need, and 
he let him have about twenty Crowns for necessary uses. I had 
very easy times while on shore, and liv'd on the best. 

We stay'd on shore two months, when Mr. Warren had entire- 
ly recover'd his health. He often expres't his satisfaction with 
my attendance on him, and said that when we return'd, I shul'd 
go home with him, and he would make me satisfaction; but the 
poor fellow did not git home with the whole of himself, and he 
Died in two days after he got home by the loss of one leg. 

We sail'd for America about the middle of July. We sail'd 
a number of days in Company with a large French Merchant 
ship, as s convoy, in which time, on a stormy windy day we dis- 



TWO BRIGS HAUL DOWN THEIR COLORS 53 

cover'd two large Brigs astern, in full chase of us. They run 
past us very near, and as they past each of us gave them a broad 
side, which they return'd. We expect'd they would stuck to it, 
or try'd to make their escape (which they might have done, at 
least one of them) but they both hurl'd down their Colors before 
we cul'd git another shot at them. 

It was with difficulty that we got off the prisoners, and got 
our men on board of them, for the wind was increasing and the 
seas run high. The last time the boat came a long side of our 
ships, she fill'd immediately, but we kept our tackles ready to 
hook to her, or we would lost her, and perhaps some lives. They 
were a couple gansey privateers (for she was load'd with prison- 
ers). One of them was a very fine large Brig, built whale back 
fashion. She mount'd twenty four carriage guns (but light sixes 
and 4rs) and twelve four pound houetts, which ware short brass 
pieces that was rigg'd on sliding carriages (or swiffels). (Six 
of which we took on board our ship). The other was an eighteen 
gun Brig. They might have given us a hard battle on smooth 
water. They were well man'd which stow'd our hold full of 
prisoners, about as many as we had of our own men (which we 
did not want). We then left our Consort, and stood for home 
with our Brigs, but we soon lost company with them, in a hard 
blow, but they both arriv'd safe, and Cap't Barry bought the 
large one, and fitt'd her out as a privateer in America's service. 

We had head wind, and heavy blow, the greater part of this 
passage, with many other Disasters to hinder our progress. The 
next thing worthy of notice was the Discovery of an intend 'd 
mutiny. Thirty Irishmen had agreed that in case we fell in 
with any of the enemy's vessels that gave us battle, they were 
to rise and assist the prisonors in gaining their liberty, and take 
the ship. After talking to them a while and causing most of 
them to declare judgment against themselves, the Cap't order 'd 
the Boatswain and his mates with their Cats to commence whip- 
ing them. They kept it up for three or four hours, going from 
one to the other. The Cap't would superintend and say when 
one had got enugh, and they went over with them several times. 
I never saw any poor fellows take such a whipping as they had. 
Their backs were entirely raw, but those that were ringleaders 
were whipt the hardest. After the Cap't thought they were 
whip't enough and they had made a great many promises of 
phidelity, he forgave them all (but three). Them he confin'd 
in irons till we arriv'd in Boston, when they were sent to Jail. 



54 REMINISCENCES OF THE REVOLUTION 

About a week after this affair we had a calm, in which time 
one afternoon, we Discover'd two sail making our way from the 
windward (if it might be call'd windward for there was only a 
little circulation of air). We did not try to run from them but 
lay still. They came within three miles of us about sunset, and 
hove too. It continued calm all night and we kept ourselves in 
readiness for action. 

The next morning was fair and pleasant, the sea was as smooth 
as a pane of glass, and the sun rose out of the water, with a 
broad glimmer, which was the last time that many poor fellows 
ever saw it rise. After we had refresh 't ourselves, all the music 
we had on board was call'd on the quarter deck which consist'd 
of Drums, fifes and violins, and some of the Officers and some of 
the hands had a hearty dance. 

After that was over, our Cap't propos'd to try our quarter 
deck guns, to see how near we cul'd come to them. The first 
fir'd and fell short. The second did a little better. Then next 
was my turn, I rais'd mine a little higher and fir'd and we heard 
the report of the ball, when it struck the side of the ship. It 
struck her under her fore chains, and we cul'd see the men when 
they went down to pick it out, (for it did not enter far). The 
ball was carri'd on the quarter deck, and they found it to be a 
nine pounder, and they conclud'd that it came from our main 
deck guns, and they thought they cul'd take us in a short time. 

There came a light puff of air, just sufficient to bring them 
long side, and while they are coming slowly down upon us, it 
may not be amiss, to state the situation we was in (and likewise 
the force of our enemy). We had abojt three hundr'd men and 
upwards of twenty of them sick and unfit for duty, about thirty 
with their backs raw with whipping, and not much dependance 
on them, and we had about 300 prisoners in the hole. We mount'd 
twenty guns and six brass howitzers. Our antagonist consist'd 
of a fine copper bottom ship, call'd the Antilantic, mounting 
twenty two guns, man'd with rising of 200 men. The other a 
brig mounting 18 guns man'd with 190 men, (both King's ships). 
While they were making towards us, we was making ready to 
receive them. 

They came along side of us, about 10 O'clock in the morning. 
We hail'd, they told us what and who they were, and who was 
the Commanders. They then inquir'd who we was, and who 
command'd the ship, which was answer'd them. Our Cap't 
then advis'd them to strike without fighting as we was sure of 



FIERCE NAVAL BATTLE PICTURED 55 

taking them. They return'd the same compliments with much 
greater assurance of taking us. (This was the worst of the battle. 
I had to place my knees against the gun carriage to keep them 
from shaking, and we kept our guns the whole time point'd at 
them, and theirs at us, and by looking at them a fellow would 
think, that every gun was pint'd at him). All was still, not a 
loud word was spoken, or a man mov'd while the Cap'ts were talk- 
ing together, which continu'd for ten or fifteen minutes. When 
neither would agree to surrender, the word was given at once 
on both sides, FIRE ! 

Death's engines was then in operation which made a great 
rattling, we had fair play for about one hour, when our ship 
happen 'd to swing round a little which brought the enemy under 
our stern, or one on each quarter, which gave them great advan- 
tage of us as we cul'd not bring our guns to bare upon them, and 
they were raking us fore and aft. 

At this time the hands on the quarter deck suffer'd severely 
and our Cap't was wound'd with a grape shot throu' his sholder. 
He then call'd on the first Lieu't and gave him the charge, with 
orders to let the ship sink, before he struck his colors (which I 
was glad to hear). At this time some of the hands on the main 
deck was busy in getting a long sweep out of the hold, to run 
out astern in order to swing the ship round, but the scuttle hole 
that was made for that purpose was too high, and the sweep 
would not work. This was a hard time on the quarter deck, for 
most of the men there was kill'd or wound'd. I went and fill'd 
a pint cup with grog and took a bisquit and sat on my gun and 
eat and drank (when the balls was flying round me) to make me 
strong to fight, for I was determin'd not to be taken prisoner. 

After T had eaten my bisquit and drank my grog, I thought 
of an experiment which was to commence firing our stern guns, 
that the force of these springing would have a tendency to heave 
our ship around, and I commenc'd firing, without orders, and it 
had the desir'd effect, for after I had fir'd my guns three times 
we cul'd bring our guns to bare on them. This was great en- 
couragement to us and we improv'd the opportunity. 

About this time my powder monkey came with a catridge, and 
said he had cetch't a musquit-ball in his hand, and opening his 
hand to show it, I saw that it was the ball of his eye, for I per- 
ceiv'd that one was missing, and the skin was not broke. His 
name was Caeser Godfrey, a black fellow. 

Every gun on the quarter deck was silent, not a man to them 



56 REMINISCENCES OF THE REVOLUTION 

(but mine), and I had several recruites from men that was sta- 
tion 'd at the rigging, and I was more than once left alone. 

The blood was nearly knee deep round my gun, and our quar- 
ter was beat down, almost to the deck, so that three port holes 
was torn into one. 

About this time I want'd a hand to assist me, (and a fellow 
that had told that I had bin parol'd and not exchang'd, was sta- 
tion 'd at one of our brass houets on our stern. He had done 
nothing during the action (for I had kept my eye on him) and 
Cap't Parkes order'd this fellow to my gun. I had it load'd, 
and want'd help to run it out, but he came with reluctance. As 
soon as he had got near me half bent, there came a ball between 
us, which warm'd my back a little, but he fell on his face and 
blatt'd like a calf, crying out, "I am wound'd." I ask'd him 
where, he said in the small of his back. I request'd him to git 
up. and assist me in running out the gun, but he refus'd and 
blatt'd the louder, when Cap't Parkes came up with a boarding 
pike, and said that he would fetch him up, or fasten him down. 
Just as Cap't Parkes got to him, there came a ball which struck 
him by the side of his head, which stop't his blatting, and his 
skull was found afterward sticking under the mizzen top. (His 
shadekee ascend 'd to carry tideings aloft, and his body to the 
deep). 

I had one hand with me yet, and we did as well as we cul'd. 
I had to fetch my own cartriges, after I lost my powder monkey. 
At last the Gunner too, hand'd me the last nine pound Cartrige 
there was in the Magazine which fir'd away. I then inform 'd 
the Lieut, who told me to go into the magazine and fill some. I 
then told my hand to go to the main deck and assist there, and 
when I got some cartriges fill'd I would call on him again, and 
as I had got to the hatchway, I saw a nine pound Cartrige box, 
with a Cartrige in it. I took it and load'd the gun alone, with 
a round and a double head'd shot, and a Canister of grape, think- 
ing to give them a good grist. 

The brig at this time had got out her oars, in order to git un- 
der our stern. She had got around upon our quarter, with her 
stern towards us, when I got my gun load'd, and I conclud'd to 
let her have the contents of it, for I cul'd turn my gun almost 
fore and aft by means of the quarter being shot away. Cap't 
Parkes was paying some attention to see the effects of my shot, 
for there was no other gun on board that cul'd blaze upon her. 
When I had got my gun elevat'd, I touch't her off. Every oar 



HIS LAST SHOT DECIDED THE BATTLE 57 

stop't rowing, and I saw a fellow run aft and hurl down their 
colors. I then inform 'd Lieut, Hacker that the Brig had struck, 
and that the main mast of the ship was swinging, and I thought 
would soon be down, which made the old man start round a little, 
and in about ten minutes, the ship's mast fell. She then struck 
her colors. This battle continu'd nearly four hours, at fair 
fighting, and not over fifteen rods apart any of the time. 

We then had to clear our decks of the dead bodys. We had 
about fifty kill'd, and about as many wound'd. The enemy's 
loss in both ships was ninety kill'd. We Disarm'd the brig and 
hove her guns overboard, and put them all on board and sent them 
off to Halifax, excepting three of the principle officers, which we 
kept as hostages, for the return of the brig and as many American 
prisoners. After the Ofl^cers was brought on board, the Capt 
of the Brig said that if it had not been for that last shot that 
was fir'd into them, they would have taken us. 

When Capt Parkes inform 'd Capt Barry of the circumstance 
of that shot, and who fir'd it, the Capt sent for me down the 
Corprit, where he lay on his back (when he call'd me a terrible 
devil) and said that I had done well, and was entitl'd to a dis- 
serving share. I was cover'd with blood from head to foot by 
slipping up, and carrying the wound'd, and my face was black 
as powder, (and I believe if any one had seen me at that time 
and not knowing the cause) they would took me for a terrible Dv'l. 

We then had work enugh to repair our ship, and rigging, for 
we was very much shatter'd, and but few hands to work, and 
them about tucker'd out. We got her in as good situation as 
we cul'd for night, expecting that after a calm comes a blow. 
That night and for several days the wind blew fresh, but we had 
got our ship pritty well secur'd when we had a foggy day, when 
on a sudden or without any warning a flash of lightning struck 
our main top mast, and split it in to, so that it fell, yards and 
all, and shiver'd the main mast to the killock but start'd no 
planck. This caus'd a great alarm, for the officers came run- 
ning out with their swords and Pistols and our Capt not with- 
standing his wound came out with his sv^ord in his hand, for 
they suppos'd that the prisoners had rose, and fir'd one of the 
fore castle guns, on the quarter deck. This circumstance made 
us almost a wreck, and we was not able to rig up a new mast 
only to clear way the old one, and make the best of it we cul'd. 

In a few days we arriv'd in Boston harbor, and the tops of 
houses and docks were all crowd'd with people to see us com.e in, 



55 REMINISCENCES OF THE REVOLUTION 

for we was a considerable sight. Our sails was full of holes, 
and our sides was as spott'd as a leopard with ball holes which 
was plug'd up, our maintop mast gone, and our main mast almost 
shiver'd to pieces and we had not over one hundred men that 
was fit for duty (and half of them was poor critters). We was 
glad to be at ancor again, for we had bin out seventy five days, 
and seventy two out of sight of land. Our prisoners was land'd 
and marcht off, which eas'd us of a great deal of anxiety and 
trouble, and if we'd had the whole that we had taken on that 
passage they would made some show. The ship Antilantic which 
we had taken, was retaken by the British and again by the French, 
and she ariv'd in Boston. 

This ship had on board a sufficient quantity of sheet copper to 
copper a ship, and it was said that the British had sent it over 
to be put on the Alliance (for they sopos'd she was taken) so we 
took it and put it on her. 

After our ship had got repair'd, our brig ariv'd from Halifax 
with about three hundred American prisoners, which were all 
seafaring men. Our Capt'n had recover'd of his wound and he 
was exerting himself to the utmost to git the ship ready for sea 
before the old hands time was out. Benj'm Darrow and myself 
told some of the OflEicers that we was going to quit, and we went 
home in Oct. or Nov'm in 1781. 



GALE BLOWS THEM RICH PRIZES 59 



1782 

♦If N the Winter of 1782 I stay'd at home garding our shores 
II from the depredations of the British on Long Island till 
Spring, when Darrow and myself ingag'd on board a Merchant 
brig bound for Boston and in the beginning of May we put into 
New London where our old ship then lay. She had just arriv'd 
from France. When she was ready for sea, in the latter part 
of June we set sail on a Cruse (in 1782). *We went between 
Block and Long Island. Soon after we got out we took an Eng- 
lish merchant brig which we sent in. We then sail'd for the 
Bahama Islands. We Crus's round Barbados for several days. 
After getting some information that the Jamaica fleet had just 
sail'd, we stood in the East, in persuite of them. After git- 
ting near the Gulf stream or banks of Newfoundland we fell in 
with a large brig which had got seperat'd from the fleet. It 
was with some Difficulty that we got hands on board her, to git 
off the prisoners, for it was the Commencement of a heavy storm 
(we sent her to Boston). We learnt from this brig, that the 
fleet was ahead of them. We then stood on to the East in a 
heavy gale. After it was a little abait'd, we cul'd track the 
fleet by often seeing broken pieces of ships and broken masts 
and gun carriages, which gave us to understand that the fleet 
had suffer'd materilly. 

The next day we fell in with a large ship which was own'd 
by the Ladies of Honor. She was very Richly load'd. She had 
not a spar standing but her foremast, and every thing was swept 
from her upper decks, and only four men on board. The rest 
had been wash'd off by the seas. They inform 'd us that the 
Rambler, a seventy four gun ship was cast away, and several 
other ships, how many they cul'd not tell, but it had been a 
distressing time with them. We man'd her out, and gave them 
a few spars, and old sails and sent her for France. 

In a day or two after, we came a crost two fine Scotch Ships, 
which had not been injur'd in the gale. We man'd them out 
and sent them to France. They inform'd us that a Consider- 
able number of the Rambler's Crew was sav'd by other ships 
assisting them, after they saw that she was going to wreck. 
We Crus't several days trying to find some more of them, but 

*See Memorandum No. 7. 



6o REMINISCENCES OF THE REVOLUTION 

in vain. We then laid our course for France, and after gitting 
nearly in sight of land we Discover'd our hulk ship with her 
Junior masts making good headway with a fair wind. The same 
day our two Scotch ships hove in sight, and we was all much 
pleas'd and the next day we all enter'd the harbor of Le Orient 
together. 

We enter'd with three rich prizes. It was Comput'd that 
they would amount to three hundred Guineas to a share but they 
fell short about five sixths. We Reciv'd for them prizes about 
twenty five Guines in Cash and about the same in Dry Goods, 
but it set us up finely and we liv'd like good fellows, while our 
money last'd. I let one of our Lieuts have twenty Crowns to 
keep for me, and he has kept it yet. I brought all my store 
pay home with me, except a few silk handkerchiefs which was 
stolen. It was very diflficult to keep any thing amongst such 
fellows as we had. 

After we had repair'd our ship and spent the most of our prize 
money, we set sail again on a Cruise. (I shuld say in Sept'm 
1782). Soon after we sail'd we Discover'd a large ship. We gave 
her chase. She run from us, but as soon as it was Dark, we 
came up with her. We ran under her lee quarter and hail'd her. 
They answer'd. We then ask't what ship. They told us who 
and what they were, and at the same time, knoct open their port 
holes (which before had been shut down). Then they show'd 
their two tiers of guns, fore and Aft, with their Lanthorns all 
burning. (She was a sixty four gun ship). They then deman'd 
of us who we was, but we gave them no answer, for we found 
that we had been coy'd too near them. We immediately hove 
our ship about which brought us under their stern, and we stood 
upon the other tack and putting out all our lights and with the 
help of the darkness of the night we got clear fronn them, with- 
out receiving a shot. 

We then sail'd down the trade wind till we came near the 
West Indies. We chen stear'd to the South acruising towards 
the Coast of Guiana, or New Holland. We often hove in sight 
of large war ships on our passage, but we had the good luck to 
keep our distance. We sail'd several days south of the Equator 
(or in South Latitude). It was so extremely hot, that our ships 
crew was greatly afl^ict'd with what they call'd the sun head 
ake, which would affect the eyes so as to make them entirely 
blind for several days. I had it myself, and it was very tedious, 
especially in the fore noon. We then got the yellow fever on 



WATER CURE FOR YELLOW FEVER 6 1 

board, which prov'd mortal to about every one that was taken 
with it. 

We had by this time given up Cruising for we found nothing, 
and we was making to the North, when I was attack 'd with the 
yellow fever very severely. I had a tender appoint'd to take care 
of me, and the Doctor order'd a divercity of medicine for me to 
take, but I never took a spoon full of it, but I would git up on 
my hands and knees in my hammock and would spill itunnotic'd 
by the tender. The second night I was taken the Doctor and 
several of the Officers came to see me. It was dark, the Doctor 
examin'd me. My fever was very high. I thought 1 cul'd see 
a blue steam come out of my mouth. I ask't the Doctor if I 
might Drink a little water. He told me if I want'd to Die 
right off, I might drink some, but if I wish't to live a little 
longer he would advise me not to drink any. 

After the Doctor had given the tender his Directions they 
left me, but I overheard the Doctor tell the Officers that I would 
not live till morning, but that did not alarm me much for I was 
Determin'd to try an experiment. Before Dark I had seen a 
fellow bring a kan of water allmost full, and set it down in his 
mess place by the side of a chest. I had kept my eye upon it, 
to see if any one mov'd it, but it stay'd where it was till after 
dark, when I thought it secure. My tendor then came with another 
powder for me to take which I serv'd as I had the rest. I then 
told him that he had better ly down and git a little sleep, and I 
would wake him up when I want'd him. He readily compli'd. 

After I perceiv'd that he was asleep, and all was still, I got 
softly out of my hammock, on to a high chest that stood under 
it, and then on the deck. I then crall'd to the kan of water, 
which I push't back. I then got it on the chest, where I cul'd 
reach it from my hammock. I then bolster'd up my head with 
my jackets and got in, and hoist'd up my kan of water. I was 
some exhaust'd with my enterprise, and I lay still a few minutes 
to git wind, when I began my operation. 

I first took a mouth full of water, then recollecting what the 
Doctor had told me, I was afraid to swallow it, but it tast'd so 
good, it must go down, and down it went. I stay'd a minute to 
see how it operat'd, when I took another mouth full which I 
swallow 'd right down. I wait'd a spell to see the operation of 
that but it tast'd so good, that I thought it cul'd not hurt me. 
I then began to take a pretty good drink, which I continu'd to 



6l REMINISCENCES OF THE REVOLUTION 

do till the kan was empt'd, which contain'd about a quart. It 
was just as much as I want'd. 

I then let down my kan, but was a little surpris'd by my feel- 
ings, after I had done drinking the water. I did not know but 
I was Dieing in earnest, for I felt very strangly. My body felt 
a strange prickling all over and 1 did not know the meaning of 
it. At last I perceiv'd that I was in a perfect sweat. I then 
put my blanket around me as well as I culd to prevent me from 
taking cold. I lay very easy in a Doze till my tendor got up to 
give me some medicine. 1 told him to let me alone for I would 
not stir nor take any of his stuff, and he might ly down and sleep. 
He was afraid that he would be blam'd. I told him that I would 
take all the blame to myself and he need not be troubl'd. 

Early in the morning the Doctor came and inquir'd if I was 
alive. I told him that I was worth half a Dozen dead ones. He 
look't at me and said that I was better. He want'd to know 
what I had bin doing for to bring about such an alteration. I 
then told him the whole story, and show'd him my blanket which 
I was rapt in. It was stain 'd considerable of a Dark yellow 
with my sweating. The Doctor then said, "You dog, it was a 
wonder it had not kill'd you, but since it did not, you have got 
rid of your feaver and if you are careful, you may be about again 
in a few days." (Which I was, rugg'd and hearty). 

About this time we Discover'd another Disaster which we was 
oblig'd to Grapple with. Our upper tier of water was empt'd and 
they clear 'd them away in order to broach the ground tier, when 
we found that most of the Casts was fill'd with salt water. 
There was but six or seven Casts of fresh water on board and 
we was about a thousand miles from land and 400 men on board 
that want'd to drink water. This accident happen'd by a form- 
er set of quarter-masters making use of the fresh water, and 
then filling the casts with salt water to keep the ship in trim, 
and then gitting a new set of quartermasters. They finding the 
Casts full and soposing it to be fresh water, paid no more atten- 
tion to it, till it was to late. We was at allowance to a pint pr 
day, and after, to half a pint, and we had our salt beef boil'd 
in salt water to give us a relish for our grog. We made the 
best of our way for the West Indies. 

At last we arriv'd in Martinique, I shul'd say in Nov'm. We 
stay'd a few weeks to repair a little, and recruite ourselves. 
We then saiTd for Havana, where we ariv'd in the beginning of 
Jan'y 1783. 



MONEY FOR CONGRESS HAS A CLOSE CALL 63 



1783 



riTHI ^ ^^^ ready for sea again in the latter part of February. 
Vt\l4 We sail'd as a Convoy to a 20 gun ship from Philadelphia, 
she was call'd the Lucy Ann Command'd by Cap't Green (bound 
or America). This ship had on board a large sum of money 
vhich Congress had borrow 'd, and they thought it would be safer 
in board that ship than ours because she had bin highly extol 'd 
or her fast sailing. To try the length of our legs, we sail'd 
lut of Havana in Company with several Spanish war ships which 
ve continu'd with till the next morning, when we left them, as 
hey were not steering the same course that we want'd to go, 
towards night we hove in sight of Cape Florida, and we Dis- 
over'd two large war ships, out some Distance from the Cape. 
Ve conclud'd they were British which was laying in waite for 
Ls knowing that we had money on board. Our Calculation was 
o git past the point of the Cape and let them give us Chase 
owards home, but they perceiving our intention, stood for the 
loint in order to cut us off, which they did, and we had to put 
,bout and stand back again, and they after us full split. Our 
noney ship crowd'd all the sail she cul'd but the enemy gain'd 
n us very fast. We then found out our little money ship would 
lot sail as fast as we want'd her to. 

We stear'd the Course which we thought was most likely to 
iring us to the Spanish fleet that we came out with which was 
,11 the hopes we then had of saving ourselves. The night was 
oggy> but they had got so near to us that we cul'd not loose 
ight of them. At eight o'clock at night they had got nearly 
road side with us, and we was expecting soon to git a broad 
ide from them. There was a gun fir'd a head of us and a Ian- 
horn hoist'd. We sopos'd it to be the Spanish fleet (it being 
oggy made them loom up large). We fell in the rear of them 
and our chasers shear'd off). 

We kept our places in a line till day light when we found 
urselves in Company with a Row galley mounting two guns, 
nd a few merchant brigs. They was standing nearly the Course 
hat we want'd to go, and we saw the two ships about 12 or 15 
niles a stern and we went on our way Rejoicing, the last we 
aw of them. 

Note — The last page of the manuscript was worn and obliterated. For 
his, refer to Memorandum No. 7. 



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